Seizures as a Manifestation of Systemic Disease

DEFINITIONs

Definitions

Classification

ILAE Classification of Seizures

Complex Partial Seizures

Secondarily Generalized Seizures

EEG: Partial Seizure

EEG: Partial Seizure

EEG: Partial Seizure

ILAE Classification of Seizures

Myoclonic Seizures

Myoclonic Seizures

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Cellular Mechanisms of Seizure Generation

SeIZURES: FINAL COMMON PATHWAY

Normal CNS Function

Hyperexcitability reflects both increased excitation and decreased inhibition

Neuronal (Intrinsic) Factors Modifying Neuronal Excitability

Epidemiology/Etiology

Seizure Precipitants

Seizure Etiology in Patients > 5 Years

Etiology of Seizures and Epilepsy

Etiology of Seizures and Epilepsy

Where SEIZURES Present: ER

SeIZURES: Management

Prehospital Management of SEIZURES

Evaluation of a First Seizure

SUGGESTED Lab Evaluation for ACUTE Seizures

Questions Raised by a First Seizure

SyStEMIC Conditions

Metabolic abnormalities and seizures

Sodium and Seizures

Glucose and SEizures

Calcium and Magenesium and Seizures

Hypoxia and SEIZURES

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy

SyStEMIC Conditions

Toxins that may Cause Seizures

Toxins that may Cause Seizures

Seizure Precipitants: Medications THAT CAN LOWER SEIZURE

THRESHOLD

Commonly Abused Substances + mechanism of seizure

Alcohol-Related Seizures

Alcohol WithDRAWAL Protocol

Supplements with Possible Association with Seizures

SyStEMIC Conditions

Seizures and Hormonal Influence

EcLAMPSIA and SeIZUREs

Eclampsia and SeiZURES

SyStEMIC Conditions

Liver Failure and Seizures

Kidney Failure and SEIZURES

Mechanisms for Seizures in Transplant Patients

SyStEMIC Conditions

Infections and Seizures

Infectious Agents Causing SeiZures

Antimicrobials Associated with Seizures

SyStEMIC Conditions

Inborn Errors of Metabolism Presenting With SEIZURES

PorpHYRIA and SeIZURES

SyStEMIC Conditions

Autoimmune Disorders and SEizures

AutOIMMUNE DisORDERS and SEizures

SyStEMIC Conditions

Why do tumors cause seizures?

ParaNEOPLASTIC SEIZURES

Possible Mechanisms of Seizures in Cancer Patients

Which tumors cause seizures?

Brain Tumors Presenting with Seizures

Which tumors cause seizures?

Chemotherapeutic Agents Associated with Seizures

How do Chemo agents become less effective with certain AEDs?

AED and Chemo Interactions

Special Concerns Regarding AED Choice

SeIZURES: Management

Drugs for SeIZURES

AEDs: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Overview

Routes of Metabolism

AEDs and INR

Less Common Idiopathic Adverse Effects

Less Common Idiopathic Adverse Effects

Less Common Idiopathic Adverse Effects