Post on 17-Jan-2016
description
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Semantically Enabled Collaboration via Annotation
Ian Lumbhttp://ianlumb.wordpress.com/tag/annotation/
CANHEIT 2007
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Outline
IntroductionAnnozilla
– Examples– Implementation– Standards
Semantic WebDiscussion
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http://dafizilla.sourceforge.net/viewsourcewith/
erin.el: Emacs editing mode for TWiki pageshttp://www.neilvandyke.org/erin-twiki-emacs/
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Annotating with Annozilla
Contextually rich and expressive editorial metadata – Non-invasive – Pre-categorized– Of flexible usage
Empowering but not distracting or overwhelming – Encourages sequential processing
Best suited to static Web pages– Effort required to ensure relevance in
wikisStored locally or remotelyAnnotation goes mainstream!
http://annozilla.mozdev.org/
http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/
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Annotation Servers
Local ServerRemote Servers
– W3C– DIY
• Linux• Perllib• MySQL
– RDF datastore• Apache
– Annotations script– Access control– Access script– Algae script
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/26-modules/User/Annotations-HOWTO.html
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J. Freemantle, OARS Presentation, December 2006
Annotations with Google Earth
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Definitions
“Annotation is the linking of a new commentary node to someone else's existing node. It is the essence of a collaborative hypertext.”– TBL, W3 Archive, c. 1990
"... the addition of information to existing documents without changing the originals.”– Passin, Explorer’s Guide to the
Semantic Web, 2004
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Definitions
“Annotations are comments, notes, explanations, or other types of external remarks that can be attached to a Web document or a selected part of the document. As they are external, it is possible to annotate any Web document independently, without needing to edit that document. From the technical point of view, annotations are usually seen as [editorial] metadata, as they give additional information about an existing piece of data.”– Amaya 9.52, W3C
http://protege.stanford.edu/
Loca
tion
OutcomeModified DocumentInternal
External
Original Document + Annotation
doc
src
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<?xml version="1.0"?><RDF:RDF xmlns:NS4="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.0/" xmlns:NS3="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/annotation-ns#" xmlns:NS2="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/annotationType#" xmlns:NS1="http://cnx.rice.edu/annotations/localServer#" xmlns:NC="http://home.netscape.com/NC-rdf#" xmlns:RDF="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation
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RDF - Resource Description Framework
A framework for describing resources on the web– Makes relationships explicit
Provides a model for data, and a syntax so that independent parties can exchange and use it
Designed to be read and understood by computers– Not designed for being displayed to
peopleWritten in XMLPart of the W3C's Semantic Web ActivityA W3C Recommendation
– http://www.w3.org/RDF/
After http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_intro.asp
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<NS2:Question RDF:about="urn:annot1541202659" NS4:creator="Ian Lumb" NS3:created="2007-05-26T09:32:50-04:00" NS4:date="2007-05-26T09:32:50-04:00" NS3:context="https://twiki.cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstract#xpointer(string-range(/html[1]/body[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[4]/div[1]/p[1], "", 337, 139))" NS4:language="en"> <NS3:annotates RDF:resource="https://twiki.cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstract"/> <NS3:body RDF:resource="urn:body1541202659"/> </NS2:Question>
Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (2)
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urn:annot1541202659
NS3:context
subject
predicate
object
Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (2a)
Ian Lumb
NS4:creator
predicate object
https://twiki.cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstract#xpointer(string-range
(/html[1]/body[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[4]/div[1]/p[1], "", 337, 139))
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XPointer - XML Pointer Language
An extension of XPath – XPath is used by XLink to locate remote link
resourcesRelative addressing
– Allows links to places with no anchorsFlexible and robust
– XPointer/XPath expressions often survive changes in the target document
Can point to substrings in character data and to whole tree fragments
Status– The key specification is a Working Draft in
the W3C’s Recommendation Track
http://www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/
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<RDF:Description RDF:about="https://twiki.cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstract"> <NS1:annotatedBy RDF:resource="urn:annot1541202659"/></RDF:Description><RDF:Description RDF:about="urn:body1541202659" NS1:bodyText="<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title></title></head><body>
This is a good start. Can you do a little more on the incorporation side?<br/></body></html>" />
Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (3)
‘describe’
‘relate’
‘compare’
‘infer’The stack of expressive power
After http://www.w3.org/2005/Talks/0517-boit-tbl/#[27]
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Summary
Annotation use cases– University IT team’s static and wiki Web
Annotations via Annozilla– Accessible client/server, standards-
based implementationAnnotations as external editorial metadata
– Consistent with Web 2.0 social bookmarking plus some Google technologies
– Inconsistent with office suites, wikis, formal ontologies
Transform data into information into knowledge– Realizing the vision of a Semantic Web
• Web 3.0?
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Future Work
Support ongoing development of Annozilla– Go forth and annotate!
Refactor definition of annotation– Develop single schema for annotation
types/properties• XPointer and OWL each have their own
Semantically base annotationsAutomate annotation ???Consider XPointer-based annotations as an option
– Emerging common XML-based schema for Word processing software
– Google Notebook Applications in other areas
– Teaching and learning
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Collaborators
Keith Aldridge– Professor, York University
Jim Freemantle– Independent Consultant
Jerusha Lederman– Ph.D. Candidate, York University
Questions?
Additional Slides
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http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xptr-xpointer-20021219/
Numbering of Nodes and Points
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Representing GGP Data via ESML and RDF
Lumb & Aldridge (2005, 2006)
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Representing GGP Data via ESML and RDF with Annotation
Lumb et al. (2007)
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