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Service-oriented Communities
and Fractal Social Organizations Models and concepts
for a Smarter Planet
Vincenzo De Florio
PATS / University of Antwerp & iMinds
Structure
• PATS/Adaptive-and-dependable systems
• Urgent need: Rethinking organizations
• Conjecture: Three key requirements
• A building block: Service-oriented community
• A model: Fractal social organizations
• Conclusions.
2 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
PATS/Adaptive-and-Dependable Systems
• Systems designed
so as to maintain
functional and non-
functional identity
• Elasticity,
resilience,
antifragility
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Structure
• PATS/Adaptive-and-dependable systems
• Urgent need: Rethinking organizations
• Conjecture: Three key requirements
• Building block: Service-oriented communities
• Model: Fractal social organizations
• Conclusions
5 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Times, they are a-changin’…
6
Less resources
Higher peaks
of requests
Higher number
of users…
ICT
Energy product-
ion & distribution
Businesses
Transport of
goods & people
Water treatment
& distribution
Healthcare… Understanding & rethinking
our organizations is crucial!
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
With the meter in the red zone…
• …organizations that
appeared to work fine
reveal their limitations!
lose too much
use up too many resources
do not scale well
intolerable to changes
fail to address new aspects
→ Traditional approaches are
reaching structural limits. 7 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
An example: healthcare
8
From www.fifthplay.com
• New context reveals the limitations of the
traditional approach April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
The healthcare crisis
• Unmanageability is approaching
How should we rethink healthcare?
• Starting point: Three observations:
Society at large is not part of the solution
Too many resources are wasted
No complex behaviors are expected from the
vast majority of the components
Organization (mostly hierarchical) is inflexible,
does not scale well, incurs huge costs…
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Three key aspects: Society, organization, behaviour
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Structure
• PATS/Adaptive-and-dependable systems
• Urgent need: Rethinking organizations
• Conjecture: Three key requirements
• Building block: Service-oriented communities
• Model: Fractal social organizations
• Conclusions
10 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
1) SOCIETY
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• A purely technical
solution simply…
does not work!
Hardin’s
“Tragedy of
the Commons”
• Society must be part of the solution
• Society ≡ abundant, mobile “resources” able
to exercise complex action
• Need: engineer ways to tap into the nearly
unlimited sources of “social energy” of
our societies.
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Three key requirements... 1) SOCIETY
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
26 November 2012 13 SITIS 2012
We have met the solution.
And the solution… is US!
• Organizational / architectural choices define
the features of our systems
• Classic model: quasi-closed, hierarchical
systems incapable of any complex
interoperability.
Three key requirements...2)ORGANIZATION
14 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• Need: open smart organizations
Self-optimizing
Inter-organizational collective strategies
Mutualistic relationships; collaborative
sharing of data and resources…
15 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Three key requirements...2)ORGANIZATION
• Conjecture: Biologically inspired distributed
organizations will play a key role in the
emergence of collective intelligent responses
Holarchies and fractal organizations
• “Simultaneously a part & a whole, a container & a
contained, a controller & a controlled” [Sou00]
Networks of peer-levels (members).
16 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Three key requirements...2)ORGANIZATION
• Behavior: “change w.r.t. surroundings” [RW43]
• Purposeful, reactive, proactive behaviors
• Needs:
1. Resilient behaviors: change aiming at
preserving identity
2. Antifragile behaviors: change that preserves
identity AND learns how to improve
system-environment fit
Three key requirements... 3) BEHAVIOUR
17 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Structure
• PATS/Adaptive-and-dependable systems
• Urgent need: Rethinking organizations
• Conjecture: Three key requirements
• Building block: Service-oriented communities
• Model: Fractal social organizations
• Conclusions
19 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• Social organization built by explicitly
addressing the mentioned aspects
Taps into “social energy”
Node of a distributed organization
Supports complex resilient behaviours.
Service-oriented communities
20 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
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Service provider Service
requester
Service registry
Starting point: classical SOA model
Publish Discover
Bind
Service
description
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Reasoning & coordination
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Member Member
Member w/
service & feature registry
Service
& feature
SoC building block
Publish Publish
Bind
Individual &
social concerns
optimization.
Capabilities
Policies
Availability
Location…
Events
People Devices
SOCIETY
BEHAVIOUR
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Example:
Mutual Assistance Community
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ABC Shop
Smartdevices
Informal serviceprovider
Commercial vender
Doctor
Community
Access
A smart house
Coordinationcenter
(professional)
OSGIGateway
Create
OWL-S
OWL-S servicepublication
Service
Request
OWL-S servicepublication
OWL-S servicepublication
OWL-SMatcher
OSGI
bundle
OSGI
bundle
OSGI
bundle
More info: [DeB10]
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• We created a model of the collective behavior
in a “flat” society of roles
• Society = multiset of roles (=integers)
• Example: S =
{0,0, 1,1, 2, 3,3, 4,4} =
2 GPs, 2 nurses, 1 patient, 2 sensors, 2 cars
SoC: Elements of a Model
26 November 2012 25 SITIS 2012
• Example: Condition c takes place
(for instance, a patient has fallen)
• Consequence:
Intervention of 1 GP and 1 nurse.
Society S gets partitioned into two “blocks”:
L = {0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4} and R = {0, 1, 2}.
SoC: Elements of a Model
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• Inactive (L, c) ; Active (R, c)
• (L(t), R(t))t≥0 : a dynamic system that tells
how S evolves with time to respond to c’s
• How does the space of all possible L’s and
R’s look like?
SoC: Elements of a Model
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Modularity
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Other properties:
Modularity; Self-similarity
29 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
Structure
• PATS/Adaptive-and-dependable systems
• Urgent need: Rethinking organizations
• Conjecture: Three key requirements
• Building block: Service-oriented communities
• Model: Fractal social organizations
• Conclusions
30 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• The SoC model provides us with key ideas
Modularity; self-similarity; fractal dimension…
• Major result: A hierarchy emerges from the
flat society!
We injected these ideas back into the model
Fractal Social Organizations
26 November 2012 31 SITIS 2012
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Member Member
Service
description
SoC as a building block
Publish Publish
Bind
Local
Reasoning & coordination
Individual &
social concerns
optimization
Capabilities
Policies
Availability
Location…
Events
People Devices Member Member Member Member
Exception Event propagation
Member w/
service & feature registry
April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
SoC’s
A fractal organization of SoC’s
33 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• Members publish events, attributes, policies…
• Events trigger analysis, planning, reaction,
and re-organization
• Exceptions propagate events to a higher level
• Concept applicable to various domains
AAL, crisis management, business organizations,
etc.
Fractal social organizations
35 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
iMinds project “LittleSister”
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• We introduced the main ideas of fractal social
organizations
Three key “principles”: Society, behaviour,
organization
• Much is yet to be done
From principles to simulation & actual design
From design to deployment & testing
Formal models to guarantee resilience...
Etc etc!
Conclusions
37 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony
• Much interest about this concept
IBM!
iMinds SuperMinds
Project proposals for H2020 (Crises
management; AAL)
• Other ideas at
http://eraclios.blogspot.be/
Conclusions
26 November 2012 38 SITIS 2012
• Contact us through:
vincenzo.deflorio@uantwerpen.be
chris.blondia@uantwerpen.be
Thanks!
Conclusions
39 April 2, 2014 IBM Faculty Award Ceremony