Post on 08-Jul-2015
transcript
CAFNET Initiative – An effort to
sustain evergreen agroforests of
Western GhatsC.G.Kushalappa*, Raghuramulu. Y**Phillippe Vaast***
Fregus Sinclair*** and Claude Garcia****
*College of Forestry, UAHS,Shimoga, India
** Coffee Board of India, Bangalore , India
*** World Agroforestry Centre , Nairobi, Kenya
**** ETH, Zurich , Switzerland
Coffee and Economy – Second largest traded
commodity
Coffee and Ecology - Biodiversity Hot Spots
Coffee Agroforests- Shade grown and tree integration
Coffee and Livelihoods – Small farmers
TREES FOR LIFE
2
Coffee and Conservation-Context of CANET
Study area- Cauvery watershed
One of the densely wooded district in India. 80%
Highest density of sacred forests in the world.
Largest shade coffee growing region in India 36%
Rich and endemic biodiversity
Landscape which contributes to range of ES
Ecotourism
FROM GREEN TO EVERGREEN REVOLUTION.
GREEN LANDSCAPE–EVERGREEN DEVLOPMENT
Kodagu – A Green Landscape
Garcia 2011
Raja’s seat, Madikeri
Landscape Mosaic
Coffee
Orange
PepperHoney
Cardamom
Our natural treasures
Dynamics in Coffee Agro Forests
Private Forest > Cardamom> Coffee
Arabica>Shaded Robusta>Open Robusta
Native shade trees> Exotic trees
Loss of biodiversity
Impact on ecosystem services
Increase in human animal conflicts
Increase coffee yield and farm income
Cafnet final report 2011 8
19771997
Landscape dynamics
Coffee -100%
Forest -30%
Evergreen Forests
Coffee Plantations
Deciduous Forests2007
How to address these dynamics and continue to produce economically and ecologically
sustainable farm products?
From Productivity to quality productivity.
From Regulation to Certification.
From Subsidies to Incentives.
From Agriculture to Agri- Business.
Ecosystem service valuation andincentives for sustainable agroforestry
Highlights CAFNET Study
Documentation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge
Biodiversity inventory of coffee plantations.
Water dynamics and hydrological studies
Carbon sequestration
Impact on production and quality
Sustaining the cultivation
TEK and Biodiversity
Six Knowledge Bases on TEK of 249 farmers
Biodiversity of 114 estates
Trees enumerated 20030
240 tree species
120 birds
Microbial diversity
Large and small mammals
Tree density in coffee plantations and natural forest. Cafnet final report 2011
Tree/ha
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Large Medium Small Sacred Forests Natural Forest
Estate size
Agroforests of high tree density
Composition of trees in coffee estates Cafnet Final report 2011
Agroforests with high tree Diversity
20%
10%
5%
4%
4%
57%
Grevillea robusta
Erythrina lithosperma
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius
Areca catechu
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Others
Bird friendly coffee
. Impact of Silver Oak on bird diversity
Habitat and corridors
High conflict leading toloss of life and crops
In 2013 64 elephantsresiding in plantations
Feeding on coffee
Elephants like coffee
0%20%40%
60%80%
100%
Total
Sample
(N=209)
Juveniles
(N=24)
Adults
(N=123)
Pe
rc
en
ta
ge
o
f d
un
g p
ile
s
Age catergory
0 seeds
1-50 seeds
>50 seeds
Total carbon sequestered in forest and CBAF
Carbon(t/ha)
system Tree Coffee Soil Litter Total
Forest 97 - 97 2,4 196
Arabica
native
88 4,8 112 1,6 206
Arabica
exotic
73 3,3 105 2,2 183
Robusta
native
78 13,0 90 1,8 182
Robusta
exotic
47 10,1 78 1,9 138
Phillipe et al, 2009
Particular High(>60) Low(<60)
Average shade 73.7 56.3
Coffee yield
(Quintals/acre) 6 8.9
Total cost of coffee
cultivation (Rs/acre) 13673 17739
Net income from coffee
(Rs/acre) 13950 23175
Income from intercrops
(Rs/acre) 4759 7483
Net income from coffee
+ intercrops (Rs/acre) 18709 30658
Economics of shade
1. Eco-certification-Elephant ,Civet and Bird friendly
2. Geographic Indications –
3. Forest Certification
4. Eco-tourism
5. Landscape Labeling
Sustainable coffee Cultivation – Way for Future
Eco-Certification -CANET Initiative
Ecom Gill , Ned commodities and Coffee Board
partnership.
Eight farmer groups and 89 farmers certified
under project for RAF and UTZ
Additionally large corporate and 90 individual
farmers certified
Landscape Labelling
TEAM - CAFNET INDIA