Session 3 b marie ruel

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Marie Ruel ︳ Food Secure Arab World ︳ Beirut, Feb 6-7, 2012

Opportunities and Challenges for

Achieving Nutrition Security in Low

and Middle Income Countries

INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

GLOBAL TRENDS IN NUTRITION

Click to edit Master title style 171 million children under 5 are stunted

Source: WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition, May 2009 - Mercedes de Onis, BMGF meeting 2010

Click to edit Master title style Stunting ↓ from 44-29% (1990-2010)

1990 2000 2010

4 0 .3

4 8 .6

2 3 .7

3 9 .3

3 7 .7

1 8 .1

3 8 .2

2 7 .6

1 3 .5

1990 2000 2010

AFRICA ASIA LATIN AMERICASource: Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization

Mercedes de Onis, BMGF meeting 2010

Click to edit Master title style Overweight children ↑ steadily (1990-2010)

Mercedes de Onis, BMGF meeting 2010

1990 2000 2010

ber of overw

illions)

AFRICA ASIA LATIN AMERICASource: Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization

Vitamin A: 160 million children affected; ~30%

children (40% in Africa and South Asia); also

prevalent in women

Anemia: (half of which is due to iron deficiency):

Static at ~45% in children (Africa and Asia); 500

million women anemic (highest burden in Asia)

Iodine: widespread deficiency

Low birth weight: 25-33% in Africa and Asia

Slow progress on ↓ micronutrient deficiencies

and low birth weight

Coexistence of under and over nutrition

Egypt Peru Mexico

Overweight

†*, †

Anemia in women

2003 2005 2008

Stunting

Wasting

Overweight

In same country

In same household

In same individual

WHY DOES NUTRITION MATTER?

Height

at 18 y 81.2

Severe Moderate Mild Well-nourished

Height

at 3 y

Source: Paul Melgar, INCAP

Stunted child – Stunted adult

Damage is irreversible

High risk of illness and mortality (associated with

35% of child deaths)

Poor cognitive development, delays in starting

school, poor school performance

Reduced economic productivity – wages, income,

skilled jobs

Increased risk of obesity and NCD at adulthood

(and premature death)

Small mothers, small babies

Being undernourished in early childhood

= Being handicapped for life

GPD losses > 2-3 %

US $80 billion/y (Sridhar 2007)

Huge cost to society & global economy

Malnutrition Poverty

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE TO

ACCELERATE PROGRESS IN

IMPROVING NUTRITION?

Europe &

Central Asia

North Africa &

Near East

SS Africa

South Asia

-9 to 24 mo

1. PREVENT – Focus on 1st 1000 Days

2. Scale-up targeted nutrition Interventions

Series of Nutrition Interventions of known

efficacy (Lancet 2008):

• Maternal health and nutrition during pregnancy

(and before)

• Appropriate child feeding practices

• Micronutrient supplementation (e.g. vitamin A,

zinc, iron)

• Immunization

• Hygiene

3. Integrate nutrition into other

relevant sectors

Agriculture &

Food Security

Social

Protection

Poverty

Reduction

Health

Water &

Sanitation

Private

Sector

Trade/Fiscal

Policies

Environment &

Climate Change

GOVERNANCE GENDER

Multi-

Sectorally

Source: World Bank 2011

Click to edit Master title style 4. Use a life cycle approach

5. Focus on poor, vulnerable, left

behind, and on reducing inequities

6. Improve data, information,

measurement, documentation,

learning, evaluation

Several new initiatives are following these

principles

How will these translate into actions on the

ground and Improvements in nutrition at scale?

UK DFID

Session 3 b marie ruel

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