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NANOTECHNOLOGY

MADE BY,

SHIVANK SINDRE

(1213220099)

ContentsBasic definition.

Brief History.

Facts.

Applications.

Advantages.

Goals of Nanotechnology.

Future of Nanotechnology.

What is Nanotechnology..??

. Art and science of manipulating atoms and molecules to create new systems, materials, and devices.

Size Matters*How Big…?

* One nanometre (nm) is one billionth, or 10−9, of a meter.

* 1 inch = 25,400,000 nanometers.

HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGYFounded by Physicist Richard Feynman in 1959.

Inspired by Feynman's concepts K. Eric Drexler used the term "nanotechnology" in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which proposed the idea of a nanotechnology.

Tools & Techniques:

T h e A t o m i c Fo r c e M i c r o s c o p e ( A F M ) a n d

t h e S c a n n i n g Tu n n e l l i n g M i c r o s c o p e

( S T M ) a r e t w o e a r l y v e r s i o n s o f s c a n n i n g p r o b e s t h a t l a u n c h e d

n a n o t e c h n o l o g y .

A typical AFM set up .

Fun Facts*Nano =1billionth;100,000 x’s smaller than the

diameter of a human hair.

*A nanometer is the amount an

average man’s beard grows in

the time it takes him to raise the razor to his face.

Nanotechnology spans many Areas

NANOTECHNOLOGY

InformationTechnology

Mechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Biotechnology

Transportation

NationalSecurity &Defense

Food andAgriculture

Energy &Environment

Aerospace

AdvanceMaterials &

Textiles

Medicine /

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Mechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Biotechnology

Food andAgricultureAerospace

AdvanceMaterials &

Textiles

Medicine /

Health

Energy &Environment

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Mechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Biotechnology

AdvanceMaterials &

Textiles

Medicine /

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY NationalSecurity &Defense

Food andAgriculture

Energy &Environment

Aerospace

AdvanceMaterials &

Textiles

Medicine /

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY

AdvanceMaterials &

Textiles

Medicine /

Health

Energy &Environment

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Food andAgricultureAerospace Medicine

/Health

Mechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Food andAgriculture

Energy &Environment

Aerospace Medicine /

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY

/Health

Energy &Environment

NANOTECHNOLOGY

/Health

BiotechnologyMechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Food andAgriculture

Energy &Environment

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY

/Health

Energy &Environment

NANOTECHNOLOGY

/Health

Transportation

Robotics

Food andAgriculture

Energy &Environment

Health

NANOTECHNOLOGY

/Health

Mechanical Eng. &

Robotics

Transportation

Robotics

NationalSecurity &Defense

Transportation

BiotechnologyMechanical Engineering /

Robotics

•Applications

Nanotechnology has given rise to many influential materials which are very useful, such

as CNTs, fullerenes.

Medical applications : Cancer Treatment.

Nanotechnology is being used in the sports industry to allow tennis ball to last longer more

durable and harder.

Nanotechnology in sports

Applications Contd.

Cars are being manufactured with nanotechnology aid so that less amount of metal

and lesser fuels are required.

* Scientist are now trying to develop new diesel engines with cleaner exhaust fumes, Platinum is

the material being used for the same.

Applications of Nanotechnology

Current Applications :

Burn and wound dressings, water filtration devices, paints, cosmetics, coatings, lubricants, textiles, memory/storage devices.

Medical diagnostics, displays, sensors, drug delivery, composite materials, solid state lighting, bio-materials, more powerful computers, protective armor, bio suits, and sensors.

Applied Nanotechnology –

Examples of Current Research and Applications

Materials Science

Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,C-fabrics.

Energy Solar Power and Photovoltaic cells, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, LED White Light

Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip, CNT’s, Bucky Balls

Electronics MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits

Devices Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM, MEMS

Current Research :-Positional molecular

assembly : An experiment indicating that

positional molecular assembly is possible was performed by Ho and Lee at Cornell University in 1999.

** They used a STM to move an individual carbon monoxide

molecule (CO) to an individual iron atom (Fe) sitting on a flat silver

crystal, and chemically bound the CO to the Fe by applying a voltage.

DNA Tetrahedron

This DNA tetrahedron is an artificially designed nanostructure

of the type made in the field of DNA Nanotechnology.

Future Applications

2011-15 -- biomaterials, microprocessors, new catalysts, portable energy cells, solar cells, tissue/organ regeneration, smart implants.

2016 and beyond – molecular circuitry, quantum computing, new materials, fast chemical analyses.

Health and Environmental Concerns

Nanofibers are used in several areas and in different products, in everything from aircraft wings to tennis rackets. Inhaling airborne nanoparticles and nanofibers may lead to a number of pulmonary diseases, e.g. fibrosis.Researchers have found that when rats breathed in nanoparticles, the particles settled in the brain and lungs, which led to significant increases in biomarkers for inflammation and stress response and that nanoparticles induce skin aging through oxidative stress in hairless mice.

Nanotechnology & Nature : The

Lotus Leaf Effect..!!.

Living things are built on hidden nanotechnology components, but sometimes that technology achieves remarkable things in very visible way.

Nanostructures provide the surface which lets water droplets roll down the inclined plane.

The Lotus Leaf Effect refers to self cleaning properties that are a result of very high water repellence, exhibited by leaves of lotus flower.

contd.;

Dirt particles are picked up by water droplets due to architecture on the surface, which minimizes the adhesion of droplet to that surface.

Because of the shape of the surface pimples on the leaf particles of dirt do not stick to the surface well, but instead are likely to stick to the rolling droplets and be carried away.The size of the pimples is approx. 20,000 nanometres small.

Image of a water droplet showing angle of contact between water drop & leaf.

The microscopic zoomed in view of the lotus leaf.

Advantages of Nanotechnology

Manufacturing Advantages:Nanotechnology is already making new

materials available that could revolutionize many areas of manufacturing. For example,

CNTs and fabrics.

Energy Advantages:

Nanotechnology may transform the ways in which we obtain and use energy. In particular, it's likely that nanotechnology will make solar power more economical by reducing the cost of constructing

solar panels and related equipment. Energy storage devices will become more efficient as a

result.

Environmental Advantages:

• It is possible, however, that there will be some negative effects on the environment as potential

new toxins and pollutants may be created by nanotechnology.

Security:

Nanotechnology raises the possibility of microscopic recording devices, which would be

virtually undetectable.

Medical Advantages:

Nanotechnology has the potential to bring major advances in medicine. N-bots could be sent into a patient's arteries to clear away blockages. Surgeries could become much faster and more accurate. Injuries could be repaired cell-by-cell.

Nanotechnology Goals:

science and engineering:The nanometre scale is expected to become a

highly efficient length

scale for manufacturing. Once it is developed it provides better understanding and

engineering develops the tools. Materials with high performance, unique

properties and functions will be produced that traditional chemistry could not create.

Improved Healthcare:

Nanotechnology will help prolong life, improve its quality, and

extend human physical capabilities.

Transportation:

Nanotechnology will yield lighter, faster, and safer

vehicles and more durable, reliable, and cost-effective roads, bridges, runways,

pipelines, and rail systems. Nanotechnology-enabled aerospace products alone are

projected to have an annual market value of about $70 billion in ten years.

Sustainability:

Nanotechnology will improve agricultural yields for an increased population, provide more economical water filtration and desalination, and enable renewable energy sources such as highly efficient solar energy conversion; it will reduce the need for scarce material resources and diminish pollution for a cleaner environment.

Welcome to the…Future..!!

In next 10 to 15 years, projections indicate that nanotechnology-based lighting advances have the potential to reduce worldwide consumption of energy by more than 10%, reflecting a savings of $100 billion dollars per year and a corresponding reduction of 200 million tons of carbon emissions.

Contd.

Catalysts produced via Nanotechnology have applications in the petroleum and chemical processing industries, with an estimated annual impact of $100 billion in 10 to 15 years (assuming a historical rate of increase of about 10% from $30 billion in 1999.

Contd.

About half of all production will be dependent on nanotechnology affecting over $180 billion per year in 10 to 15 years.

Contd.

Materials and processes are estimated to increase their market impact to about $340 billion per year in the next 10 years with the aid of Nanotechnology.

Summary..!!

In the end I can only say that, implications of Nanotechnology in materials, physics, chemistry, and biology create opportunities that will accelerate the pace of fundamental research in science and engineering, creating the knowledge needed to enable technological innovation, training the workforce needed to exploit that knowledge, and providing the manufacturing science base needed for future commercial production.

Potential breakthroughs are possible in areas such as materials and manufacturing, medicine and healthcare, environment and energy, biotechnology and agriculture, electronics and information technology, and national security.

The effect of nanotechnology on the health, wealth, and standard of living for

people in this century could be at least as significant as the combined influences of

microelectronics, medical imaging, computer-aided engineering, and man-made polymers

developed in the past century.

Thank You