Shoulder Joint Review

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8/10/2019 Shoulder Joint Review

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A Review of the ShoulderMuscles and Their Actions

Questions• What muscle works closely with the anterior deltoid?• Pectoralis major• What muscle is involved in any lifting movements?• Deltoid

• What is the major (strongest) extensor muscle?• Latissimus Dorsi• Name the four rotator cuff muscles.• Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Teres

minor .• What muscle works closely with the infraspinatus?• Teres minor

Practice – NO NEED• Name the muscles

for Horizontal Adduction

• Pect Major (both)• Corachobrachialis• Deltoid (anterior)

• Name the musclesfor Horizontal

Abduction• Deltoid (post)• Infraspinatus• Teres minor• Lats

Practice

• List the muscles thatdo flexion of the

shoulder• Coracobrachialis• Pectoralis major

(upper to 60°)• Anterior Deltoid• Biceps short head

• List the muscles thatdo extension of the

shoulder• Latissimus dorsi• Teres major• Posterior deltoid• Pectoralis major

(lower fibers toneutral)

Practice

• List the muscles thatdo adduction of the

shoulder• Pectoralis major(lower and upperbelow 90°)

• Coracobrachialis• Latissimus dorsi• Teres major

• Subscapularis

List the muscles that doabduction of the

shoulder• Deltoid ( all,middlesections)

• Supraspinatus

• Pectoralis major(upper past 90°)

• Serratus Anterior

Practice

• List the muscles thatdo internal rotation

of the shoulder• Subscapularis• Latissimus dorsi• Teres major• Anterior deltoid• Pect. major

• List the muscles thatdo external rotation

of the shoulder• Infraspinatus• Teres minor• Posterior deltoid

Name the muscle.

Coracobrachialis

Name the action

Adduction ofthe shoulder

Also, flexion and hor. add.

Name the muscle.

Pectoralis Major

Flexion AdductionInternal rotation

Name the muscle.

Subscapularis

Name the action

Internalrotation of theshoulder

Name the muscle.

Deltoid

Name the action Ant: flexion, int.rotationMid: AbductionPost:

Extension,externalrotation

Abduction ofshoulder

Name the muscle.

Infraspinatus

Name the action

Externalrotation

Name the muscle.

Teres Major

Name the action

Adduction of scapula,extension, adduction,internalrotation

Name the muscle.

Teres Minor

Name the action if the humerus move directly to the posterior

Extension of the shoulder

ONLY external rotation

Name the muscle.

Supraspinatus

Name the action

Abduction of the shoulder

Coracobrachialis Pect. Major

SubscapularisDeltoid

Supraspinatus Teres Major

InfraspinatusTeres Minor

What position is his right shoulder in?

Horizontal Abduction andExternal Rotation

What position are her shoulders in?

Flexion

FlexionExtension

Position of their shoulders?

What is the position of shoulders?

Extension

Shoulder Muscle Exercises

Major Muscles of the Shoulder• Pectoralis major

– Push-ups – Pull-ups – Bench press – Throwing – Tennis serve

• Latissimus dorsi – Chinning – Robe climb – Dips on parallel bars – Pullover exercises – Pulldown exercises

– Rowing

Shoulder action = ?Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Abduction

DeltoidSupraspinatus

Shoulder action = ?Shoulder muscle(s) = ?

Flexion

Ant DeltoidUpper Pect Major

Coracobrach.

Shoulder action = ?Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Horizontal Add.

Ant. DeltoidPect. Major (both)Coracobrachialis

Shoulder action = ?Shoulder muscle(s) = ? Horizontal Abduction

Latissimus DorsiPost. DeltoidTeres MinorInfraspinatus

Adduction

Pect. Major (both)Coracobrachialis

Latissimus DorsiTeres Major

Horizontal Add

Ant. DeltoidPect. Major (both)Coracobrachialis

Extension Lats Teres MajorPost. Deltoid Pectoralis Major (lower)Infraspinatus Teres minor

Name a shoulder muscle isolated

with the following exercises.• Side arm dumbbell raises• Deltoid • Push-ups• Pectoralis major• Rowing and pull-overs• Latissimus dorsi

What is the action to the left? What

muscles perform that action?Internal Rotation

External Rotation

Internal Rotation

Subscapularis, Ant. Deltoid, Pect, Major, Lats. And Teres Major

Rotator Cuff ExercisesExternal Rotation

External Rotation

Internal Rotation

Abduction (to work the supraspinatus)

Shoulder Related Injuries

• The shoulder is builtfor motion, not stability

• Injury rate dependson… – Shallowness of glenoid

– Laxity of ligaments – Strength of muscles

• Shoulder subluxation – Incomplete or partial dislocation

• Shoulder dislocation – Complete dislocation of the GH joint – Most common anteriorly and inferiorly

• Shoulder separation – Complete dislocation of the AC joint

Shoulder Dislocation

Impingement Syndrome

Rotator cuff• Subscapularis• Supraspinatus• Infraspinatus• Teres minor

Rotator Cuff Injury

• The throwing motion has been dividedinto five phases: wind-up, cocking,

acceleration, and follow-through.• Cocking phase

– Subscapularis fires in late cocking phase

to decelerate the shoulder's externalrotation. Also, it is stretched during thecocking phase.

Rotator Cuff Injury• Follow-through (muscles fire most

intensely) – Subscapularis internally rotates the shoulder, – The infraspinatus and teres minor contract

eccentrically to decelerate the arm and arestretched.

• During this repetitive eccentric loading, the

rotator cuff is prone to overload, fatigue,tendinitis, and even a partial undersurfacetear.

Note: Surgery needsto be performed

within 3 months orthe supraspinatusmuscle will atrophyand be too short toreattach

Glenoid Labrum

Labral Tear

• The glenoid cavity makes up the “socket” of the shoulder joint.

• The labrum acts sort of like a gasket, turning the flatsurface of the glenoid into a deeper socket that molds tothe head of the humerus for a better fit.

• A tear of labrum can cause pain and a ca tch ing sensation with movement of the shoulder.

Labral Tear

• Most labral tears are probably the result of an injury to theshoulder, such as falling on an outstretched hand.• There is reason to believe that the excess motion of the

humerus moving around on the glenoid may causedamage to the labrum over time.

• An unstable shoulder may also cause injury to the labrum,if it repeatedly dislocates out of the glenoid.

Shoulder Joint Review

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