Post on 04-Jan-2016
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SIGNewGrad:SIGNewGrad:Intro to LaTeXIntro to LaTeXSIGNewGrad:SIGNewGrad:Intro to LaTeXIntro to LaTeX
Ben BreechBen Breech
breech@cis.udel.edubreech@cis.udel.edu
http://www.cis.udel.edu/~breech/signewgrad-http://www.cis.udel.edu/~breech/signewgrad-fall07fall07
What is LaTeX• Based on TeX
– hard to use (like prog. in assembly)
• Markup language for documents– You write. LaTeX typesets
• LaTeX compiles your document– Each letter/word/sentence/paragraph is
a box. LaTeX arranges the boxes.– Commands and environments instruct
LaTeX to change layout
• LaTeX is case sensitive
Running LaTeX
doc.tex latex doc.dvi
dvipsdvipdf
doc.pdf doc.ps
pdflatex
Commands• Change layout of text• Format:
\command[opt_arg1]{req_arg1}
• Command names are only letters– Command ends with last {} or non-letter
(exception: some commands have special -* form)
– May need empty {} for spacing if command has no args
Environments• Affects all text within env• Conveniently hides tons of
commands• Format:
\begin{name}[opts]{args} % text… \end{name}
Example Document [ex1.tex]
\documentclass{article}
% comments in LaTeX start with a %. anything after it is ignored.% this section is the preamble..
\begin{document}
This is the first paragraph. For \LaTeX, a paragraph is a continuous sequenceof lines, ending with a blank line. This meansyou can putone wordperlineif you wish and \LaTeX{} will treat the text as one paragraph.
This is the second paragraph. Just put in here to show how paragraphs separate.\end{document}
preamble
body
Sets doc. type class type
Example Document [ex1.pdf]
• Notice margins.– Designed for typesetters– Add \usepackage{fullpage} in preamble to
get 1.0” margins
• Spacing between words/paragraphs– 1 space = 10 spaces = 100 spaces, etc– Paragraph is contiguous text separated by
blank lines
Sectioning Commands• Let you break document into sections• Each section has running counter (e.g.,
section 1, section 2, section 2.3.4)• Commands:
– \section{title}, \subsection{title}, \subsubsection{title}
– Others available depending on style file
Sectioning Examples
\section{Top Level Section}
\subsection{2nd Level Section}
% second \subsection not shown
\subsubsection{3rd Level Section}
\paragraph{Paragraph.}
Labels and references• \label{string} after sectioning
command to save a label• \ref{string} where you want number for
section with label string – May want ~\ref{string}
• ~ = non-breakable space
• \pageref{string} -- gives page number where section with label string appears
Example Document
\section{Labels and References}\label{sec:lab-ref}
% other stuff cut out…
For example, in section~\ref{sec:tls}, wediscussed sectioning commands. Section~\ref{sec:3rd-ls} was a 3rd level section.In section~\ref{sec:lab-ref}, we discussedlabels and references.
Lists• Bulleted Lists:
\begin{itemize}\item First item.\end{itemize}
• Enumerated Lists (automatically counted):\begin{enumerate}\item \label{it1} This is the first item.\end{enumerate}
Font Styles• Change appearance of text• Forms:
\texttt{TeleType text} \textbf{BoldFace text} \textsl{Slanted text} \textit{ITalicized text.} \textrm{RoMan} \textsc{Small Caps} \textsf{Sans Serif}
Font SizesAffect everything after until end of
current text block (e.g. } or \end{}) {\tiny really small } {\scriptsize next smallest} {\footnotesize size used in footnotes} {\small smaller than normal } {\normalsize regular sized text} {\large larger than normal } {\Large larger } {\LARGE larger still } {\huge very large } {\Huge extremely large}
Math Mode• In normal text, $math formula$• In displayed math mode,
\begin{displaymath} math formula \end{dispalymath}
\begin{equation} math formula \end{equation}– Equation adds an equation number in ()
Math Examples (text mode)
• superscripts (^) -- x^2 + y^2• subscript (_) -- x_i + y_i• \sqrt{x^2_i + y_i^2}• \frac{x}{y}• Greek letters -- \alpha, \beta, \pi, \Pi, • \sum_{i=0}^n i
(different in display mode)
Math Examples(equation)
Finally, here's a more complicated equation. The Ackermann function $A$ is defined as,
\begin{equation} \label{eq:ack-def} A (m, n) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} n + 1 & \mathrm{if}\ m = 0 \\ A (m - 1, 1) & \mathrm{if }\ m > 0 \mathrm{\ and\ } n = 0 \\ A (m - 1, A (m, n - 1)) & \mathrm{if}\ m > 0 \mathrm{\ and\ } n > 0 \end{array} \right.\end{equation}
Creates a { big enoughto match what follows.
Matching right. = don’t printanything
Array env. (just like a table)
\mathrm to make if appearas normal text
\[space] to forcea space here
Math Examples(equation)
(equation number was removed. See example.pdf)
(If you’re bored, compute A (4, 3))
Floating Environments• Certain environments can “float”
– Do not appear exactly where you put them
– LaTeX moves them for better placement– Can be frustrating if LaTeX picks bad
spot
• Tables/Figures are most common
Tables\begin{table} \centering \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|} \hline left justified & center justified & right justified \\ \hline\hline row 2, col 1 & row 2, col 2 & row 2 col 3 \\ row 3, col 1 & & \\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{Example Table} \label{tab:ex}\end{table}
Start table
Table body
Caption& label
Table templateone letter/columnl = left justifyr = right justifyc = center| = draw vert. Bar between two cols
& separate columns
\\ endseach row
\hline drawshorizontalline between rows
Tables
Paper Citations• Place \cite{key} where you want
citation to appear– key is unique citation key– generates reference label at that spot
• Need to add special bibliography environment with papers – DON’T BOTHER! USE BibTeX instead!
BibTeX• BibTeX manages citations• Add following to body of your doc
– \bibliographstyle{type}• type = style (plain, abbrv, alpha)• Other styles available (see natbib)
– \bibliography{bib-files}• bib-files are your BibTeX files with citations• This command appears where you the
bibliography (usually end of document)
Example Bib File@String{cl = "Computer Languages"}
@Article{ChaitinEA-CL81, title={Register Allocation Via Coloring}, author={G.J. Chaitin and Auslander, M.A. and Chandra, A.K. and Cocke, J. and Hopkins, M.E. and Markstein, P.W.}, journal=cl, volume={6}, number={1}, pages={47--57}, year={1981}}
Define string abbreviation
BibTeX entryfor article.
Citation keyfor \cite
Authors separated by and
BibTeX Examples• Create document:
- latex doc.tex- bibtex doc- latex doc.tex- latex doc.tex
• Since I’m out of time, see examples in– Example.tex– Example.pdf– Ex.bib
Other Resources• Books
– “A Guide to LaTeX2e”, Kopka and Daly – “LaTeX: A Document Preparation System”,
Lamport
• Web– http://www.ctan.org– Google (tons of pages provide help on
LaTeX)
Other Resources• AucTeX - major mode for Emacs
http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex
• LyX - “GUI” for LaTeXhttp://www.lyx.org
• Various packages– Subfig, natbib, algorithms,epsfig