byMetaphor

Simplicity

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

How to apply metaphorto achieve simplicityin interaction design

Experimental Design on:

SIMPLICITY

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

“Breakfast Maker”the

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

Function Appearance

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SimplicityWhat is

SUBTITLE

DIRECT NAVIGATOR

RETURNFUNCTIONS

TOP MENU MENU

ENTER

AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP

PLAY LIST

PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP

PLAY

SLOW SEARCHSKIP

CANCEL QUICK REPLAY

MANUAL SKIP

DEPTH ENHANCER

MULTIRE-MASTER

ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW

AVENHANCER REPEAT

FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE

PAUSESTOP

100

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

MENU

Memorize

Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

SUBTITLE

DIRECT NAVIGATOR

RETURNFUNCTIONS

TOP MENU MENU

ENTER

AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP

PLAY LIST

PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP

PLAY

SLOW SEARCHSKIP

CANCEL QUICK REPLAY

MANUAL SKIP

DEPTH ENHANCER

MULTIRE-MASTER

ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW

AVENHANCER REPEAT

FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE

PAUSESTOP

100

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

MENU

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity

SUBTITLE

DIRECT NAVIGATOR

RETURNFUNCTIONS

TOP MENU MENU

ENTER

AUDIO ANGLE/PAGE SETUP

PLAY LIST

PLAYMODE PLAY SPEED ZOOM GROUP

PLAY

SLOW SEARCHSKIP

CANCEL QUICK REPLAY

MANUAL SKIP

DEPTH ENHANCER

MULTIRE-MASTER

ADVANCEDDISC REVIEW

AVENHANCER REPEAT

FL SELECTQUICK OSD OPEN/CLOSE

PAUSESTOP

100

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

PerceivedSimplicity

Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

OperationalSimplicity

MENU

PerceivedSimplicity

OperationalSimplicity

SimplicityWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Don Norman The complexity of Simplicity

MENU

Gestalt PsychologyReduction Hierarchy(Hiding)

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MethodsDesign

Metaphor was originally defined in linguistics as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. The essence of metaphor is to understand and experience one kind of thing in terms of another.

MetaphorWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung JungLixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MetaphorWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

As Lakoff and Johnson have argued that metaphor is the foundation of the conceptual system. It is foundation of how we understand things around us.

ColorGraphical

Shape

Digital

Display

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

ColorGraphical

Shape

Digital

Display

Graphical Manipulation}

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

TextureShape

&

Size

Operation Physical

Feedback

Applied to DesignMetaphor

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

TextureShape

&

Size

Operation

Physical Manipulation

Physical

Feedback}Applied to DesignMetaphor

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Relationship: Abstract

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

Relationship: Descriptive

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

Relationship: Descriptive

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

Me

tap

ho

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nip

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tion

Gra

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l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

Metaphor Representation

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Applied to DesignMetaphor

1 2

3 4

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MetaphorExperiment on

Alarm

Clock

Radio

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MetaphorExperiment on

Me

tap

ho

r Ma

nip

ula

tion

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract

Face

Dial Phone

Analogue Clock

Bottle Cap

See Saw

Zipper

Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

Metaphor Representation

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Graphical

Abstract

Face Analogue Clock Dial Phone

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Graphical

Descriptive

Face Analogue Clock Dial Phone

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Physical

Bottle Cap See Saw Zipper

Abstract

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Physical

Bottle Cap See Saw Zipper

Descriptive

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

The clock looks like analogue clock.

The clock looks like a face.

The clock looks like dial phone.

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Noun

The clock operates like seesaw.

The clock operates like bottle cap.

The clock operates like zipper.

MetaphorExperiment on

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Verb

Overall perceptual simplicity

Representational efficiency

Engaging appearance

Perceived learnability

Perceived predictability

Perceived simplicity of alarm setting control

Accuracy in prediction ofworkflow

Confidence in prediction

Operational simplicity based on perception

Metaphoric implication

1. The model looks simple to use

8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious

9. The alarm clock’s interface looks inviting

4. The alarm clock’s interface looks easy to learn

5. I know how to interact with the alarm by observing the model

2. The interaction of the alarm looks simple

6. Set alarm A to 9 o’clock in the morning and read what time is alarm B set

7. I am confident that my answer above would accomplish the task

3. How do you rate the simplicity of the workflow?

10. What does the model remind you of?

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MetaphorExperiment on

1. Overall perceivedsimplicity

AbastractGraphical

DescriptiveGraphical

AbstractPhysical

DescriptivePhysical

ControlGroup

78%

77%

78%

82%

75%

81%

70%

78%

75%

65%

72%

80%

75%

73%

82%

72%

73%

72%

72%

69%

66%

79%

73%

73%

70%

74%

60%

77%

77%

78%

78%

80%

80%

73%

72%

75%

82%

87%

85%

83%

77%

80%

82%

85%

87%

2. Alarm control perceived simplicity

3. Operational simplicityby perception

4. Perceived learnability

5. Perceived predictability

6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow

7. Con�dence

8. Representationale�ciency

9. Engaging appearance

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Findings

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

1 2

3 4

Tuck your chin into your chest, and then lift your chin upward as far as possible. 6-10 repetitions Lower your left ear toward your left shoulder and then your right ear toward your right shoulder. 6-10 repetitions.

Roller, C. (2011). How cognitive fluency affects decision making. UXmatters.

Tuck your chin into your chest, and then lift your chin upward as far as possible. 6-10 repetitions Lower your left ear toward your left shoulder and then your right ear toward your right shoulder. 6-10 repetitions.

Cognitive FluencyWhat is

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

1. Overall perceivedsimplicity

AbastractGraphical

DescriptiveGraphical

AbstractPhysical

DescriptivePhysical

ControlGroup

78%

77%

78%

82%

75%

81%

70%

78%

75%

65%

72%

80%

75%

73%

82%

72%

73%

72%

72%

69%

66%

79%

73%

73%

70%

74%

60%

77%

77%

78%

78%

80%

80%

73%

72%

75%

82%

87%

85%

83%

77%

80%

82%

85%

87%

2. Alarm control perceived simplicity

3. Operational simplicityby perception

4. Perceived learnability

5. Perceived predictability

6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow

7. Con�dence

9. Engaging appearance

Descriptive metaphor could not help in distinguishing the alarm controls from rest of the functions.

8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Findings

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

1 2

3 4

1. Overall perceivedsimplicity

AbastractGraphical

DescriptiveGraphical

AbstractPhysical

DescriptivePhysical

ControlGroup

78%

77%

78%

82%

75%

81%

70%

78%

75%

65%

72%

80%

75%

73%

82%

72%

73%

72%

72%

69%

66%

79%

73%

73%

70%

74%

60%

77%

77%

78%

78%

80%

80%

73%

72%

75%

82%

87%

85%

83%

77%

80%

82%

85%

87%

2. Alarm control perceived simplicity

4. Perceived learnability

5. Perceived predictability

6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow

7. Con�dence

8. Representationale�ciency

9. Engaging appearance

3. How do you rate the simplicity of the work�ow?

The control of all models contain 3 steps, their operational simplicity are the same, but people perceive them differently.

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Findings

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

1 2

3 4

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Findings

1. Overall perceivedsimplicity

AbastractGraphical

DescriptiveGraphical

AbstractPhysical

DescriptivePhysical

ControlGroup

78%

77%

78%

82%

75%

81%

78%

75%

65%

72%

80%

75%

73%

82%

72%

73%

72%

72%

69%

66%

79%

73%

70%

74%

60%

77%

77%

78%

78%

80%

80%

73%

72%

75%

82%

87%

85%

83%

77%

80%

85%

87%

2. Alarm control perceived simplicity

3. Operational simplicityby perception

4. Perceived learnability

5. Perceived predictability

6. Accuracy in predicted work�ow

8. Representationale�ciency

9. Engaging appearance

Accuracy in predicted workflow

1 2 3 41 2

34

Confidence in prediction

Tester’s acuracy were similar in all experiment groups. However, their confidence varies.

7. I am con�dent that my answer above would accomplish the task

70%

73%

82%

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

1 2

3 4

Findings

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

1. Overall perceivedsimplicity

AbastractGraphical

DescriptiveGraphical

AbstractPhysical

DescriptivePhysical

ControlGroup

78%

77%

78%

82%

75%

81%

70%

78%

75%

65%

72%

80%

75%

73%

82%

72%

73%

72%

72%

69%

66%

79%

73%

73%

70%

74%

60%

77%

77%

78%

78%

80%

80%

73%

72%

75%

82%

87%

85%

83%

77%

80%

82%

85%

87%

2. Alarm control perceived simplicity

3. Operational simplicityby perception

4. Perceived learnability

5. Perceived predictability

6. Accuracy in predictedwork�ow

7. Con�dence

8. Representationale�ciency

9. Engaging appearance

Tester’s confidence dropped in most groups except for the Abstract Physical group.G

rap

hic

al

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

1 2

3 4

Conclusion

Me

tap

ho

r Ma

nip

ula

tion

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

Metaphor Representation

Overall perceptual simplicity

Representational efficiency

Engaging appearance

Perceived learnability

Perceived predictability

Perceived simplicity of alarm setting control

Accuracy in prediction ofworkflow

Confidence in prediction

Operational simplicity based on perception

Metaphoric implication

1. The model looks simple to use

8. The functional controls of the alarm are obvious

9. The alarm clock’s interface looks inviting

4. The alarm clock’s interface looks easy to learn

5. I know how to interact with the alarm by observing the model

2. The interaction of the alarm looks simple

6. Set alarm A to 9 o’clock in the morning and read what time is alarm B set

7. I am confident that my answer above would accomplish the task

3. How do you rate the simplicity of the workflow?

10. What does the model remind you of?

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

MetaphorExperiment on

Me

tap

ho

r Ma

nip

ula

tion

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

Metaphor Representation

Noun

Verb

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Conclusion

Lixia Zhang, Heekyoung Jung

Conclusion

Me

tap

ho

r Ma

nip

ula

tion

Gra

ph

ica

l

Abstract Descriptive

Phys

ica

l

Metaphor Representation

Thank you

ithilien525@gmail.comwww.lixiazhang.com