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38–1 Food and Nutrition
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Food and Energy
(Food and Energy
You need to eat food to obtain energy.
The energy in food is measured in Calories
(capital C). One Calorie is equal to 1000 calories.
One calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise
the temperature of one gram of water by one
degree Celsius.)
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Food and Energy
Caloric needs vary for each person.
*Food labels based on 2000 Calories per day
*An average-sized female teenager needs about
2200 Calories a day.
*An average-sized male teenager needs about 2800
Calories a day.
If you exercise regularly, your energy needs may be
higher.
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Nutrients
1. Nutrients
substances in food that supply the energy and raw
materials your body uses for growth, repair, and
maintenance.
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Nutrients
What are the nutrients your body needs?
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Nutrients
2. The nutrients that the body needs are:
• water
• carbohydrates
• fats
• proteins
• vitamins
• minerals
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Nutrients
Water
Why is water such an important nutrient?
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Nutrients
3. Every cell needs water because many
of the body's processes take place in
water.
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Nutrients
A. makes up blood, lymph, bodily fluids.
B. lost during sweating, (when it evaporates to
cool the body.)
C. lost from the body with every breath you
exhale and in urine.
d. drink at least 1 liter of water each day.
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Nutrients
4. Carbohydrates
main source of energy for the body.
A. 2 types of carbohydrates:
1. simple:
*found in fruits, honey, sugar
*do not need to be broken down
http://www.sugarstacks.com/beverages.
htm
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Nutrients
2. complex:
*starches-found in grains, potatoes,
Veggies
*Need to be broken down, before they can be used
*contain cellulose, or fiber.
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Nutrients
B. Fiber is needed in diet.
1. helps muscles keep food and
wastes moving through
digest. and excretory systems.
2. Whole-grain breads, many fruits,
vegetables
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Nutrients
5. Fats
(Fats, or lipids, are an important part of a healthy
diet.
Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.)
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Nutrients
a. Fats are needed:
1. produce cell membranes, myelin
sheaths around neurons, and
certain hormones.
2. help body absorb fat-soluble
vitamins.
3. protect body organs and insulate
the body.
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Nutrients
b. classified as saturated or unsaturated.
1.Most saturated fats
* solids at room temperature
* butter and other animal fats.
(When there are only single bonds between carbon
atoms in the fatty acids, the fat is saturated)
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Nutrients
2. Unsaturated fats usually liquids at room
temperature.
(Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in a
fatty acid chain
Because many vegetable oils contain more than one
double bond, they are called polyunsaturated. )
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Nutrients
6. Proteins
a. supply materials for growth and repair of
structures such as skin and muscle.
b. regulatory and transport functions.
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Nutrients
c. polymers of amino acids.
d. body can synthesize only 12 of the 20 amino acids
used to make proteins.
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Nutrients
e. Essential Amino Acids:
1. other 8 amino acids
2. they must come from food.
3. Animal products- meat, fish, eggs, milk
4. plants products do not.
(Therefore, people who don’t eat animal products
must eat a combination of plant foods to obtain all of
the essential amino acids.)
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Nutrients
7. Vitamins
a. organic molecules help regulate body
processe, (often working with enzymes.)
b. Most vitamins obtained from food.
c. diet lacking certain vitamins can have
serious, even fatal, consequences.
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Nutrients
D. 2 types:
1. fat-soluble
*A, D, E, K can be stored in fatty
tissues of the body.
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Nutrients
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Nutrients
2.water-soluble
*dissolve in water
* cannot be stored in the body.
(Eating a diet containing a variety of foods will supply
the daily vitamin needs of nearly everyone.)
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Nutrients
Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Nutrients
Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Nutrients
8. Minerals
a. Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, in small
amounts.
(By eating a variety of foods, you can meet your
daily requirement of minerals.)
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Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
(Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
The new food pyramid classifies foods into six
categories:
• grains
• vegetables
• fruits
• milk
• meat and beans
• fats, sugars, and salts
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Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
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Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
The figure climbing up the side of the pyramid
represents exercise.
You should get at least 30 minutes of exercise each
day.
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Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
A food label provides information about nutrition.
Daily values are based on a 2000-Calorie diet, and
nutrient needs are affected by age, gender, and
lifestyle.
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Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
When choosing foods, you should compare similar
foods on the basis of their proportion of nutrients to
Calories.
When you choose a food, it should be high in
nutrition and low in Calories.)
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38–1
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38–1
Which nutrient is found in fruits, sugars, and
whole-grain breads?
a. protein
b. fat
c. carbohydrates
d. vitamins
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38–1
Organic molecules that help regulate body
processes and often work with enzymes are
a. fats.
b. minerals.
c. vitamins.
d. amino acids.
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38–1
Which two vitamins can be made by the body?
a. vitamins A and B
b. vitamins C and D
c. vitamins A and K
d. vitamins D and K
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38–1
The most important nutrient is
a. fat.
b. water.
c. vitamins.
d. protein.
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38–1
The foods that should make up the largest part
of your diet are
a. fats and sweets.
b. meat, poultry, and fish.
c. milk, yogurt, and cheese.
d. breads, cereals, rice, and pasta.