Post on 15-Apr-2017
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The Posterior Thigh
The thigh is divided into 2 physical compartments divided by the
medial and lateral intermuscular septa
-Anterior compartment
-Posterior compartment
The Posterior Compartment of the thigh has two functionally different sets of muscles
•The Adductors
•The Hamstrings
There is no distinct fascial boundary between the two groups
In total the thigh is divided into 3 functional compartments
1. Anterior or Extensor compartment
1. Medial or Adductor compartment
1. Posterior or Flexor compartment
Skin
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
SeptaSeptaSubcutaneous Fat
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
medial intermuscular septum
lateral intermuscular septum
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
• Adductor Longus
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Adductor Magnus
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Adductor Magnus
• Pectineus
There are 5 muscles in the Adductor Compartment
• Gracilis
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Adductor Magnus
• Pectineus
(Obturator Externus is a curious little muscle which occupies both the Adductor Compartment and the Gluteal Region)
Gracilis
This is the most medial muscle of the thigh
Anterior View
Gracilis
This is the most medial muscle of the thigh
Anterior View
It originates from the Pubis and Ischium of the Hip Bone
Gracilis
This is the most medial muscle of the thigh
Anterior View
It originates from the Pubis and Ischium of the Hip Bone
It inserts onto the upper part of the Tibia on the medial aspect
Gracilis
This is the most medial muscle of the thigh
Anterior View
It originates from the Pubis and Ischium of the Hip Bone
It inserts onto the upper part of the Tibia on the medial aspect
It adducts the hip and flexes the knee
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
GracilisGracilis
Adductor Longus
Anterior View
Originates from the Pubis Inserts onto the shaft of the Femur
Proximally forms part of the floor of the Femoral Triangle
Distally forms part of the floor of the Adductor Canal
Adductor Longus
Anterior View
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
Adductor Adductor LongusLongus
Adductor Magnus
Has two functional components
•Hamstring portion
•Adductor Portion
Anterior View
Adductor Magnus
The Adductor Portion
Originates from the ramus of the •Pubis •Ischium
Anterior View
Adductor Magnus
The Adductor Portion
Originates from the ramus of the •Pubis •Ischium
Inserts onto the Femur•Linea Aspera
Anterior View
Adductor Magnus
The Adductor Portion
Originates from the ramus of the •Pubis •Ischium
Inserts onto the Femur•Linea Aspera
Anterior View
Adducts and Medially Rotates the Hip
Adductor Magnus
The Hamstring Portion
Originates from the Ischial Tuberosity
Inserts onto the Adductor Tubercle of the Femur
Extends the Hip
Anterior View
Adductor Magnus
As there are two functional parts, these are supplied by two different nerves
The Adductor Portion by the Obturator Nerve
The Hamstring Portion by the Tibial Component of the Sciatic Nerve
Anterior View
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
Adductor MagnusAdductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis
Anterior View
Originates from the Pubis of the Hip Bone
Attaches to the Linea Aspera of the Femur
Adductor Brevis
Anterior View
Originates from the Pubis of the Hip Bone
Attaches to the Linea Aspera of the Femur
Adducts and flexes the Hip Joint
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
Adductor BrevisAdductor Brevis
Pectineus
Originates from the Pubis of the Hip Bone
Inserts onto the Pectineal Line on the Femur just below the Lesser Trochanter
Anterior View
Pectineus
Originates from the pectineal surface of the Hip Bone
Inserts onto the Pectineal Line on the Femur just below the Lesser Trochanter
Adducts and Flexes the Hip Joint
Anterior View
(Not seen on the cross-section diagram as it is placed more superiorly)
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Hamstring Compartment
Adductor MagnusAdductor Magnus
Adductor BrevisAdductor BrevisAdductor Adductor LongusLongus
GracilisGracilis
The rest of the Posterior Compartment comprises 3 muscles that are collectively known as the Hamstrings and these are covered in another topic (Posterior Thigh – The Hamstrings)
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Biceps Femoris
Femur
SeptaSepta
Thigh compartments
mediallateral
posterior
anterior
Cross section through right
mid-thigh looking towards hip joint
Anterior / Extensorcompartment
Anterior Compartment
Adductor MagnusAdductor Magnus
Adductor BrevisAdductor BrevisAdductor Adductor LongusLongus
GracilisGracilisBiceps Biceps FemorisFemoris
Short HeadShort Head
Biceps Biceps FemorisFemoris
Long HeadLong HeadSemitendinosusSemitendinosusSemimembranosusSemimembranosus
Obturator Externus
Anterior View
Obturator Externus lies behind Adductor Brevis and is deeply
placedIt is not an adductor muscle, but a
weak External Rotator of the Hip Joint
Obturator Externus
Anterior View
Originates from the outer surface of Obturator Membrane and the
adjacent bony rimInserts onto the medial surface of the
Greater Trochanter of the Femur
Nerve Supply
All these muscles are innervated by the same nerve from the Lumbar
Plexus
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Magnus has a dual nerve
supply
Adductor Portion Obturator Nerve
Hamstring Portion Tibial Component Sciatic Nerve
Posterior ViewAnterior View
Summary of Adductor Muscles
PectineusOrigin Pectineal surface of the pubisInsertion Pectineal line of femur below lesser
trochanterAction Adducts the thigh, flexes hip jointNerve Supply Femoral nerve,some innervation
from the obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral branch of femoral artery and obturator artery
GracilisOrigin Inferior ramus of pubis, and
adjacent ramus of ischium
Insertion Medial surface upper tibial shaft, posterior to sartorius
Action Adducts hip, flexes the knee, medially rotates tibia on femur
Nerve Supply Anterior division obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Blood Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, profunda femoris artery
Adductor BrevisOrigin Inferior ramus and body of pubis
Insertion Upper third linea aspera of femur
Action Adducts and flexes hip jointNerve Supply Anterior division obturator nerve
(L2, L3, L4)Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral branch
of femoral artery and obturator artery
Adductor LongusOrigin Anterior surface of body of pubis,
just lateral to pubic symphysisInsertion Middle third of linea aspera,
between the more lateral adductor magnus and brevis insertions and the more medial origin of the vastus medialis
Action Adducts, flexes and medially rotates the hip joint
Nerve Supply Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Blood Supply Obturator artery and medial circumflex femoral artery
Adductor MagnusOrigin Adductor portion: Inferior pubic
ramus, ischial ramusHamstring portion: ischial tuberosity
Insertion Adductor portion: Linea aspera and medial supracondylar ridgeHamstring portion: adductor tubercle
Action Adductor portion:adducts and medially rotates hipHamstring portion: extends hip
Nerve Supply Adductor portion: Posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-4)Hamstring portion: tibial nerve portion of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Blood Supply Medial circumflex femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery, 1st - 4th perforating arteries, obturator artery, popliteal artery
Obturator ExternusOrigin External surface of obturator
membrane and anterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Insertion Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action Laterally rotates hip; adducts thighNerve Supply Posterior division of obturator
nerve L2, 3, 4Blood Supply Obturator and medial circumflex
femoral arteries