Post on 16-Dec-2015
transcript
OutlineOutline
Pros and Cons of SGTPros and Cons of SGT learning environment in SGTlearning environment in SGT skill involved in SGTskill involved in SGT
Small Group DiscussionSmall Group Discussion
ProsPros developing intellectual skilldeveloping intellectual skill changing attitudechanging attitude learners’ responsibilitylearners’ responsibility
ConsCons trained skilltrained skill need co-operationneed co-operation
LikesLikes TeachersTeachers
atmosphereatmosphere hear ideashear ideas on-to-one workingon-to-one working see the understandingsee the understanding
studentsstudents share ideasshare ideas individual attentionindividual attention particular problemparticular problem
DislikesDislikes TeachersTeachers
keep quietkeep quiet students’ disciplinestudents’ discipline
not to answernot to answer students’ behavior in groupstudents’ behavior in group
studentsstudents peer behaviorpeer behavior threateningthreatening
Common MistakesCommon Mistakes discussion will happen automaticallydiscussion will happen automatically teacher speak too muchteacher speak too much
7-70% 7-70% of the timeof the time no deep questionsno deep questions threatening environmentthreatening environment spoon-feeder teachers & passive studespoon-feeder teachers & passive stude
ntsnts
Why so passive?Why so passive?
principle: students avoid all principle: students avoid all possibility to ‘look silly’possibility to ‘look silly’ feel free to ask questions of the feel free to ask questions of the
instructor and their peersinstructor and their peers feel free to answer questionsfeel free to answer questions not feel threatened by giving an not feel threatened by giving an
incorrect responseincorrect response
Successful InteractionSuccessful Interaction
~ teachers’ responsibility~ teachers’ responsibility physical settingphysical setting instructor attitude ~ listeninginstructor attitude ~ listening calling studentcalling student wait timewait time responding to student’s question responding to student’s question handling studenthandling student
Physical SettingPhysical Setting 5-8 students = ideal5-8 students = ideal audibilityaudibility participation: studentparticipation: student
close to each othersclose to each others see each otherssee each others
circle is the bestcircle is the best
Quite Big GroupQuite Big Group
buzz groupbuzz group fishbowlfishbowl crossovercrossover circularcircular horseshoehorseshoe
DiagramDiagram
questionsquestions think...think...wait...wait...
answeranswerquestionquestion
correctcorrectincoincorrecrrectt
listenlistenrespondrespond
We use question to...We use question to... stimulate thinkingstimulate thinking assess student progressassess student progress check on teacher claritycheck on teacher clarity motivate student attentionmotivate student attention maintain classroom controlmaintain classroom control provide repetitionprovide repetition emphasize key pointemphasize key point
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions ~ Bloom’s taxonomy~ Bloom’s taxonomy
knowledgeknowledge who, what, where, whenwho, what, where, when
comprehensioncomprehension explain…, what… meansexplain…, what… means
applicationapplication problem solvingproblem solving
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions ~ Bloom’s taxonomy~ Bloom’s taxonomy
analysisanalysis what are the factors…what are the factors… outline…, diagram...outline…, diagram...
synthesissynthesis what might happen if...what might happen if...
evaluationevaluation what do you think about...what do you think about...
Types of QuestionsTypes of Questions
lower level | higher levellower level | higher level frequently higher level Qfrequently higher level Q
open-ended | close-endedopen-ended | close-ended avoid close-endedavoid close-ended
divergent | convergentdivergent | convergent
Good questionGood question purposeful and appropriatepurposeful and appropriate clear, specific and shortclear, specific and short naturalnatural thought provokingthought provoking one by one | avoid shotgunone by one | avoid shotgun one question, one conceptone question, one concept
Avoided QuestionsAvoided Questions
close-endedclose-ended tuggingtugging guessingguessing leadingleading vaguevague
While they’re respondingWhile they’re responding
you areyou are listeninglistening encouraging them to continueencouraging them to continue keep the focus of the class on keep the focus of the class on
themthem
Listening SkillListening Skill
What is saidWhat is saidYou hearYou hear
You You listenlistenUnderstandUnderstand
Be-Be-lievelieve
Re-Re-membermember
Fact about ListeningFact about Listening thought / speech Ratiothought / speech Ratio
4-5 : 14-5 : 1 extra lag timeextra lag time
we are inefficient listenerswe are inefficient listeners listening skill suffers with agelistening skill suffers with age listening is hard worklistening is hard work listening training unavailablelistening training unavailable
10 Worst Listening Habits10 Worst Listening Habits
1. 1. call the subject matter uninterestingcall the subject matter uninteresting
2. criticize the delivery or appearance of 2. criticize the delivery or appearance of the speakerthe speaker
3. become too stimulated3. become too stimulated
4. listen only for facts4. listen only for facts
5. try to outline everything that is being 5. try to outline everything that is being saidsaid
6. fake attention6. fake attention
7. accept or create distraction7. accept or create distraction
8. evade the difficult8. evade the difficult
9. submit to emotional word9. submit to emotional word
10. waste thought power10. waste thought power
10 Worst Listening Habits10 Worst Listening Habits
No Answer, Why?No Answer, Why? do not understanddo not understand not enough thinking timenot enough thinking time forget the question while forget the question while
thinkingthinking unclearunclear too difficulttoo difficult
Waiting & SilenceWaiting & Silence fact aboutfact about w waitingaiting
not inappropriatenot inappropriate give the students time to thinkgive the students time to think or you will set an undesirable normor you will set an undesirable norm
waiting timewaiting time > 3 sec> 3 sec 3-5 sec for lower level answer3-5 sec for lower level answer 8-12 sec for higher level8-12 sec for higher level more than 20 sec = punishmentmore than 20 sec = punishment
Increase Wait TimeIncrease Wait Time increase No. of student participateincrease No. of student participate increase length of responsesincrease length of responses increase appropriate answerincrease appropriate answer increase st-st intearctionincrease st-st intearction increase student questionincrease student question
Calling on StudentsCalling on Students
by their namesby their names avoid pointingavoid pointing ask to the whole classask to the whole class call on volunteer is OKcall on volunteer is OK
How to call on students?How to call on students?
speaking in a non-threatening tonespeaking in a non-threatening tone positive non-verbal cues: smiling, eye positive non-verbal cues: smiling, eye
contactcontact no insulting in case they cannot no insulting in case they cannot
respondrespond ask for help from peersask for help from peers ask first, call laterask first, call later
How to call on students?How to call on students?
randomly selectrandomly select avoid repeating students’ respondavoid repeating students’ respond deal with dominate studentdeal with dominate student ‘‘Any questions?’ is not always OKAny questions?’ is not always OK look at the student, not note, after the look at the student, not note, after the
questionquestion compatible verbal and non-verbalcompatible verbal and non-verbal
Students’ ResponsesStudents’ Responses positive reinforcepositive reinforce
verbal | non-verbalverbal | non-verbal not too much => sinceritynot too much => sincerity
probeprobe make them aware higher levelmake them aware higher level elaborateelaborate
adjust | refocus => new topicadjust | refocus => new topic redirect => new studentredirect => new student rephraserephrase
rewordreword provide more informationprovide more information break the questionsbreak the questions
Students’ QuestionsStudents’ Questions listeninglistening answer it yourselfanswer it yourself
only when no time in classonly when no time in class redirectredirect attempt to help him answer his ownattempt to help him answer his own
quite threateningquite threatening meet after classmeet after class
cons: maybe not only onecons: maybe not only one give the resourcegive the resource defer the question, not both question and studentdefer the question, not both question and student
Students’ QuestionsStudents’ Questions don’t fake an answer when you don’t fake an answer when you
don’t know it, butdon’t know it, but ask whether the others knowask whether the others know propose a plan to get the answerpropose a plan to get the answer suggest the resourcesuggest the resource volunteer to find the answer yourselfvolunteer to find the answer yourself