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8/14/2019 SMQ 6014 - ASSIGNMENT 1-1.pptx
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Assignment 1
OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
SMQ6014
Lecturer:
Dr Nurul Huda binti Mohamed
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Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ishak
Mohd Azrif Bin Mohamad Ali
Muhammad Yusri Bin MuhammadMuhammad Abdah Bin Mohtar @ Mukhtar
GROUP MEM ER
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The historyand the developmentof
Operational Research (OR) and its
applicationsin real life situations.
TOPIC
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Introduction of OR
1. Operational research (OR) encompasses a widerange of problem-solving techniques and methodsapplied in the pursuit of improved decision-makingand efficiency, such assimulation, mathematicaloptimization, queueing theoryand other stochastic-
process models.
2. Operations research (OR) is an analytical method ofproblem-solving and decision-making that is usefulin the management of organizations.
3. Dominique A. Heger, Fortuitous Technology,(dom@fortuitous.com), Austin, TX, 2006 - Describesthe discipline that is focused on the application ofinformation technology for informed decision-
making.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_optimizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation8/14/2019 SMQ 6014 - ASSIGNMENT 1-1.pptx
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Objectives of OR
Decision making and improve its quality.
Identify the optimum solution.
Integrating the system.
Improve the objectivity of analysis.
Minimize the cost and maximize the profit.
Improve the productivity.
Success in competitions and marketleadership.
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History of OR
1. Operational research (OR) originated in the effortsof military planners during World War II.
2. OR started just before World War II in Britain with
the establishment of teams of scientists to study thestrategic and tactical problems involved in military
operations.
3. The object ive was to find the most effectiveutilisation of limited military resources by the use of
quantitative techniques.
4. Also known as operations research or operations
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Development of OR
1. The techniques began to be applied morewidely to problems in business, industry andsociety.
2. Since that time, operational research hasexpanded into a field widely used in industriesranging from petrochemicals to airlines, finance,logistics, and government.
3. Moving to a focus on the development ofmathematical models that can be used toanalyse and optimize complex systems, andhas become an area of active academic andindustrial research.
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Application of OR
1. Manufacturers
o Manufacturers used operations research to make
products more efficiently, schedule equipment
maintenance, and control inventory and
distribution.
o And success in these areas led to expansion into
strategic and financial planning, and into such
diverse areas as criminal justice, education,
meteorology, and communications.
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Cont
o A number of major social and economic trendsare increasing the need for operations
researchers.
o In todays global marketplace, enterprizes mustcompete more effectively for their share of profits
than ever before.
o And public and non-profit agencies mustcompete for ever- scarcer funding dollars.
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Cont
o This means that all of us must become moreproductive.
o Volume must be increased.
o Consumers demands for better products and
services must be met.
o Manufacturing and distribution must be faster.
o Products and people must be available just in
time.
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2. Employment in operations research.
o Many large firms have groups of OR analysts(commonly 4 to 12 people).
o These are located in the steel, mining, oil, gas,chemicals, paper and engineering industries; airlines,
railways, banking and insurance.
o Within the public sector, OR analysts are alsoemployed in health, education and electricitysupply.
o Not all of these people have the formal title ofOperations Research Analyst and may be locatedin departments such as Industrial Engineering,Management Services or Corporate Research.
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Airline Industry
PROBLEM :
Delta flies over 2500 domestic flight legs each day
and uses
about 450 aircraft from 10 different fleets, and the
objective
was to assign aircraft to flight legs in such a way
that revenues
from seats are maximized.
Flow chart of the OR Process
I. PLANNING
II. IMPLEMENTATION
III. FOLLOW-THROUGH
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Conclusion
OR needs to be integrated as an essential part ofmonitoring and evaluation (M&E) efforts.
Thus, the concept of MOREcould become a
new paradigm enhancing the practice of
integrating monitoring, research and evaluation
dimensions as one common component into
program management systems.
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FLEET ASSIGNMENT AT DELTA
AIRLINES
PROBLEM:Delta flies over 2500 domestic flight legs each day
and uses about 450 aircraft from 10 different fleets,
and the objective was to assign aircraft to flight legs
in such a way that revenues from seats aremaximized
OBJECTIVE:To ensure that an aircraft of the "correct" size be
available when required and where required.
Unfortunately, ensuring that this can happen is
tremendously complicated since there are a number
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EXAMPLE OF MODEL APPLIED
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References
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research
2. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operation
s-research-OR
3. http://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdf
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_light
5. http://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-
intro.html#Delta
6. http://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_researchhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.asor.ms.unimelb.edu.au/career/right.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/or-intro.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_lighthttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://fortuitous.com/docs/primers/OR-intro.pdfhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/operations-research-ORhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_research