Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS3.3 The Event
WHAT HAS AFFECTED YOU MOST?
Biophysical Sociocultural Refers to the way
scientific knowledge can be applied in an attempt to improve performance in physical activity. Functional anatomy Biomechanics Skill learning theory Sports psychology
Other factors which may influence performance and performance improvement. These may include:
Gender Commodification Technocentricity Body as a machine Healthism Scientism Body as a project
SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
GENDER -Masculinity -Femininity
-Stereotypes-Social construction
• Many factors influence us to participate in sport (Family, friends, gender etc.).
• It is fairly common to see boys playing rugby at school and girls playing netball. This is largely due to the gender and stereotypes we as a society have developed.
• Does swimming conform to gender stereotyping?
• Are sports continuing to be gender specific?
• Who influences us to think that some sports should be males/female only?
ACTIVITY Challenge the following statements. Write your responses in your books.
1. When men play sport they are seen as being ‘Gay’ if they choose to wear/use pink coloured clothing/equipment.
2. Women in the 2012 Olympics are being hailed as the role models we need “in the age of the Kardashian”. Great Britain's women won 22 of the total 65 medals, 10 of them gold.
- Challenge assumptions
- Who benefits/who does not?
Commodification
How sport is represented
Athletes seen as being marketable
Sponsorship at major sporting events
Marketing sport Athletes’ bodies
- When products, people, sports are turned into commodities
- Corporate sponsors expect huge levels of commitment from participating athletes.
- Star athletes compete on sponsored circuits.
- Athletes are lured with prize money. Injuries may be ignored, educational opportunities are put aside in the quest for success and banned substances are employed to enhance performance.
- These individuals no longer represent their club, their country or themselves, they represent the corporations who provide the money for their sport.
ACTIVITY
Critically discuss how this video portrays the All Blacks.
Who is being impacted? What is the impact on New Zealand society?
TECHNOCENTRICITY, HEALTHISM & THE BODY AS A PROJECT
These 3 factors are very similar but here are the main differences.
Technocentricity
Healthism The Body
as a Project
Body is measured and analysed by sports professionals (e.g. coaches) with an end point of improving human performance.
A set of assumptions, based on the belief that health is solely an individual responsibility.
View of the body where it is seen as an object to be manipulated, modelled and sculpted into a mostly unobtainable societal perfection.
Body seen as an entity that is in the process of becoming a project.
TECHNOCENTRICITY
- Scientific approaches to enhance performance in sport. - It treats the body as a machine, which is measured, analysed with
an end point of improving human performance. - ‘We can change our bodies for the better’- mentality. - View of the body suits athletes who want to improve their
performance in sport (elite performance)- Does not account for athletes who participate in sport to make
friends, build communities, movement for fun. - The scientific view of the body often tends to ignore the idea that
people have other dimensions to their identity other than the physical – that is the emotional, intellectual, spiritual and social.
Body Profession’s e.g. Coaches, PE teachers, Sports
Scientists.
Body is a machine Improvement of
human performance
Bodies as objects or products that can be reshaped
WHAT IS ‘THE PERFECT BODY’?
Exercise is presented as the only useful and valid knowledge about bodies and the performance of bodies. It is used to
maximise efficiency and performance for athletes.
So what makes up “The Perfect Body???
Think of as many examples as you can…
HEALTHISM
- A set of assumptions, based on the belief that health is solely an individuals responsibility. Concept that body is a machine that must be maintained and ‘kept in
tune’ like a car. Ignores all the SPEECH (societal, political, environmental, economic,
ethical, cultural and historical influences on individuals health. Some individuals feel superior to those who ‘choose’ to be unhealthy. Those who fail to take responsibility for their health are undeserving of
‘healthy individuals’ sympathy or assistance (financial). Fitness industry promotes healthism and promotes the view that
looking after our bodies are our responsibility. Does not take into account people that work around dangerous
chemicals, polluted city environments and damp housing due to financial difficulties.
Responsible for own Health
Diet and Exercise
Prevention of diseases.
Illness treated with medicine
Activity
How is swmming impacted and to what extent?
Who is influential?
Who benefits and who does not?
How could New Zealand Society be impacted?
THE BODY AS A PROJECT
- A view of the body where it is seen as an object to be manipulated, modelled and sculpted into a mostly unobtainable societal perfection. Individuals identities shaped by the way they look Body is turned into a project which must be worked at….its
shape, size, appearance and contents are able to be physically shaped to unattainable perfection.
Bodies become societal symbols
Body is able to be manipulated, moulded and sculpted
Societal perfection
Bodies become a ‘project’
ACTIVITYWatch the following video:
As a class discuss the impacts involved with sculpting your body to perfection.
Discuss other impacts that can happen as a result of neglecting your body.
SCIENTISM
- A philosophy which believes that the only authentic and valuable knowledge useful to the world is knowledge that comes from affirmation of theories through strict scientific method.
- People who believe this about knowledge chose to ignore knowledge which is derived from other sources such as intuition, religion, attitudes and beliefs, the nature of relationships etc.
- Those who “buy into” scientism ignore the social, political, environmental ethical, economic, cultural and historical (SPEEECH) influences on individual‘s hauora and lives.
Using science to acquire knowledge
Science = Only way of establishing meaning/understanding
TaskGo back through your session plans and evaluations and make notes on when and how you were affected by any of the socio-cultural factors discussed.