Post on 14-Nov-2014
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SOCRATESSOCRATES
““THE UNEXAMINED LIFE THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING.” IS NOT WORTH LIVING.”
FROM THE FROM THE APOLOGYAPOLOGY
SOCRATESSOCRATES
469-399 BC469-399 BC FROM ATHENSFROM ATHENS FOUGHT IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WARFOUGHT IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR TEACHERTEACHER SOCRATIC METHOD- QUESTIONING AND SOCRATIC METHOD- QUESTIONING AND
SELF-CRITICISMSELF-CRITICISM PLATO WAS HIS PUPIL AND RECORDED PLATO WAS HIS PUPIL AND RECORDED
SOCRATES’ PHILOSOPHICAL IDEASSOCRATES’ PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS
PHILOSOPHICAL IDEASPHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS“THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT “THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT
WORTH LIVING.” WORTH LIVING.” BELIEVED IN A UNIVERSAL TRUTHBELIEVED IN A UNIVERSAL TRUTH BELIEVED THAT LIFE WAS TO BE LIVED IN BELIEVED THAT LIFE WAS TO BE LIVED IN
THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOMWISDOM
MORAL EXCELLENCE AND VIRTUE WERE MORAL EXCELLENCE AND VIRTUE WERE TO BE THE MAIN GOALS OF ONE’S LIFETO BE THE MAIN GOALS OF ONE’S LIFE
REASON WOULD BE THE GUIDE REASON WOULD BE THE GUIDE
HISTORICAL CONTEXTHISTORICAL CONTEXT
THE LOSS OF ATHENS TO SPARTA THE LOSS OF ATHENS TO SPARTA DURING THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR DURING THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR WAS A BLOW TO THE CONFIDENCE WAS A BLOW TO THE CONFIDENCE OF ATHENIAN POWER OF ATHENIAN POWER
ATHENS WAS LOOKING FOR SOME ATHENS WAS LOOKING FOR SOME EXPLANIATION FOR THIS DEFEATEXPLANIATION FOR THIS DEFEAT
SOCRATES BECAME THE SCAPEGOATSOCRATES BECAME THE SCAPEGOAT
ATHENIAN COURTSATHENIAN COURTS
CHAOTICCHAOTIC ACCUSED PERSON HAD TO ACT AS ACCUSED PERSON HAD TO ACT AS
HIS OWN ATTORNEYHIS OWN ATTORNEY JURIES WERE EXTREMELY LARGE JURIES WERE EXTREMELY LARGE
(SOCRATES’ JURY WAS OVER 500)(SOCRATES’ JURY WAS OVER 500) JURY DECIDED THE PENALTYJURY DECIDED THE PENALTY JUDGMENT WAS IMMEDIATEJUDGMENT WAS IMMEDIATE
SOCRATES’ TRIAL WAS HELD IN SOCRATES’ TRIAL WAS HELD IN THE AGORA OF ATHENSTHE AGORA OF ATHENS
AGORAAGORA
AGORAAGORA
CHARGES BROUGHT AGAINST CHARGES BROUGHT AGAINST SOCRATESSOCRATES
CORRUPTING THE YOUNG MEN OF CORRUPTING THE YOUNG MEN OF ATHENS ATHENS • CONSTANT QUESTIONINGCONSTANT QUESTIONING• CHALLENGING ATHENIAN VALUES CHALLENGING ATHENIAN VALUES
FAILING TO BELIEVE IN THE “GODS” FAILING TO BELIEVE IN THE “GODS” OF ATHENS AND BELIEVING IN NEW OF ATHENS AND BELIEVING IN NEW “GODS AND SPIRITS”“GODS AND SPIRITS”
MAJOR ISSUES THAT SOCRATES MAJOR ISSUES THAT SOCRATES ADDRESSED DURING HIS TRIALADDRESSED DURING HIS TRIAL
WHAT IS WISDOM?WHAT IS WISDOM? WHAT IS JUSTICE?WHAT IS JUSTICE? WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO LIVE A WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO LIVE A
GOOD LIFE?GOOD LIFE? WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CARE FOR WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO CARE FOR
ONE’S SOUL?ONE’S SOUL? WHAT IS TRUTH?WHAT IS TRUTH?
SOCRATES WAS FOUND GUILTY SOCRATES WAS FOUND GUILTY AND SENTENCED TO DEATHAND SENTENCED TO DEATH
HEMLOCKHEMLOCK
SEEDSSEEDS VIALSVIALS
THE DEATH OF SOCRATESTHE DEATH OF SOCRATES
SOCRATES AS THE NEW SOCRATES AS THE NEW HUMAN BEINGHUMAN BEING
SOCRATES REDEFINED WHAT IT WAS SOCRATES REDEFINED WHAT IT WAS TO BE A HUMAN BEINGTO BE A HUMAN BEING
HUMAN BEINGS WERE TO BE HUMAN BEINGS WERE TO BE • VIRTUOUSVIRTUOUS• MORALMORAL• SELF-CRITICALSELF-CRITICAL• RATIONALRATIONAL• EXCELLENTEXCELLENT• WISEWISE
MORAL VIRTUE MORAL VIRTUE REPLACED THE HEROIC REPLACED THE HEROIC
WARRIOR OF HOMERWARRIOR OF HOMER
EMPIRES OF THOUGHT EMPIRES OF THOUGHT WOULD BE THE LEGACY OF WOULD BE THE LEGACY OF
ATHENS (GREEKS) ATHENS (GREEKS)