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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
Solid or semi-solid, non-soluble ,soluble material(including gases
and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition
waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage, and
sewage sludge.
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TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
Solid waste can be broadly classified into different typesdepending on their source:
y Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste
Eg. Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather,yard wastes, wood, glass
y Industrial waste as hazardous waste
Eg. construction and demolition materials, hazardouswastes, ashes
y Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.
Eg. disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids,human excreta
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GUESS THE TYPE OF WASTE
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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
y Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials
y Four Rs ( Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Reduce ) to be followedfor waste management
y REFUSE
y REUSE
y RECYCLE
y REDUCE
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New Methods of disposal
y Landfill
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Incineration(incineration plant
in Vienna)
Recycling(Steel crushed and baled forrecycling)
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Biological reprocessing
(An active compost heap)
Energy recovery(mechanical biological treatment
plant in Germany)
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National Solid Waste Association of India
y Formed on 25th January 1996.
y
Non-profit organization in the field of Solid WasteManagement.
y Includes Toxic and Hazardous Waste and also
Biomedical Waste in India.
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PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
-STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING
- DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS
- TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS- BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL
WASTE STREAM
- INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN
AREAS
-SEPARATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE.
- PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT PLACE OF
GENERATION.
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- STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY
-WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES
- FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING
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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
y Common as trash or garbage
y Residential,commercial,industrial sources
y Biodegradable and recyclable
y Inert,composite and domestic
y Disposal methods
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MSW IN INDIA
y Per capita waste generation
y 5% increase in waste generation annually
y Collection of waste is poor
y Allocation of funds improper
y India is a global trash can
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SOLUTIONS
y Waste minimisation
y Material recycling
y Waste processing
y Waste transformation
y Sanitary landfilling
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Current Scenarioy Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per
annum
y With urban population increasing between 3 3.5%
per annum
y Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%
annually
y 7.2 million tones of hazardous waste
y
India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solidwaste annually at present.
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Growth of Solid Waste In India
y In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2
million to 12.3 million
y During the same period, municipal solid waste has
grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of67%
y City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per
annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city
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Major Polluting Industries in
India
y Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cu m of
waste water containing high level of dissolved solids
and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste
y
300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-litres ofspend wash per year containing several pollutants
y Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials
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Waste Collection in India
y Primarily by the city municipality
y Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)
y MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste
Management) vehicle
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INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Bio-medical Waste Handling Rules, 1998 -
Notified
Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000
Notified.
Reforms Agenda (Fiscal, Institutional, Legal)
Technical Manual on Municipal Solid Waste
Management
Technology Advisory Group on Municipal SolidWaste Management
Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Integrated Plant
Nutrient Management from city compost.
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OBJECTIVES
y Environmental Protection that Benefits the Poor
y Empowerment of Women and other Disadvantaged
Groups
y
Raised Awareness and Changing Perceptionsy Measurable in Numbers
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TERI Projections on Waste
Generation In India
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QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION
TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE 1.15 LAKH TONNE
GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS PER DAY (TPD)
OF THE COUNTRY
y %OF TOTAL
GARBAGEWASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD 18.35%
WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD 17.08%
(1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)
WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER 42,635.28 TPD 37.07%
CLASS-I TOWNS
(0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) ____________ _________
83,378.28 TPD 72.50%
IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE OFWASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5%OF TOTAL WASTE.
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How solid waste affected us in
recent years?
y Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage line
due to large no. of plastic bags
y Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to
consumption of contaminated foods
y Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due
to imported scrap from Iran
y Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to
consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the foodmovement in their stomach
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Problems in Dealing With Solid
Waste
y Education & voluntary compliance
y Collection of waste
y Technological interventions
y Institutions & regulatory frameworky Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction
y Market action for waste reduction
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REASONS FOR IMPROPER
MANAGEMENT OF WASTE
y Lack of planning for waste management while
planning townships
y Lack of proper institutional set up for waste
management, planning and designing in urban
local bodies
y Lack of technically trained manpower
y Lack of community involvement
yLack of awareness creation mechanism
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y Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste
management using modern techniques best
practices
y Lack of funds with ULBs
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HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTESy Lead to the spread of infectious diseases
y Attracts rats flies and other rodents that helps in spreading diseases
y Plastic waste a reason for ill health.
y The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste include
the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal
method, especially the preschool children, waste workers; and
workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious material
y Contamination of water resources.
y Industrial hazardous waste with municipal waste can expose people to
chemical and radioactive hazards.
y Waste treatment and disposal sites can also create health hazards for
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Infections
Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact
with waste, and from infected wounds, Eye andrespiratory infections resulting from exposure toinfected dust, especially during landfill operations,diseases that results from the bites of animals feedingon the waste and intestinal infections that aretransmitted by flies feeding on the waste.
Chronic diseases
Incineration operators are at risk of chronic respiratorydiseases, including cancers resulting from exposure todust and hazardous compounds.
Accidents
Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the handlingof heavy containers, infecting wounds resulting fromcontact with sharp objects, poisoning and chemicalburns and other injuries resulting from occupationalaccident sites or from methane gas explosion at landfillsites.
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INCENERATIONy Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the
combustion of organic materials and/or substances.
y Thermal treatment
y Incinerator bottom ash, flue gases, particulates and heat
y WastetoEnergy (WtE)
y Incineration may also be implemented without energy and materials
recovery
y In several countries there are still expert and local community
concerns about the environmental impact of incinerators
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MANUAL DISMANTLING
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CRUSHING
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DRYING OF PELLETS
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MACHINE DRYING OF PELLETS
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FLOW DIAGRAM
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