Solution ChemistrySolution Chemistry

Nature of Solutions Nature of Solutions

• Most substances are not pure, but Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures.rather, mixtures.

• Homogeneous mixtures are called Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.solutions.

• Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases.Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases.

• Solute: smaller part, is dissolved.Solute: smaller part, is dissolved.

• Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving. Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving.

Solid solutions are called alloys.

What is the solute/solvent ineach of these solutions?

The process of dissolving involves:1. The solvent particles completely surround the

solute.2. If the force of attraction between solute +

solvent > solute + solute, the solvent particles lift the solute away.

3. The solvent particles make space for the solute.

NaCl solution

Because the solute particles and the solvent particles must be similar chemically, polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes or:

Like dissolves like

Which of the following will dissolve in water?

C2H5OH C2H2

HCl CO2

I2 CH3ClCH4 NH3

HF SO2

What factors affect how easily one substancedissolves in another substance?

• StirringStirring

• Increasing the surface areaIncreasing the surface area

• Increasing the temperatureIncreasing the temperature

Unsaturated solution:

Saturated solution:

Supersaturated solution: