SOUTH AFRICA

• Before the first Europeans arrived, there were two tribes in South Africa: the San and the Khoi-khoi.

• The Dutch etablished a colony here in 1652.• By the 18th century there were 15000 Dutch

settlers.• They were known as Boers or Afrikaaners.• They spoke a Dutch dialect known as

Afrikaans.

• Great Britain was also interested in this part of Africa.

• The British Army arrived here in 1815 together with 5000 immigrants.

• They established the republic of Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

• The discovery of diamonds in 1867 led to a war between the British and the Boers.

• The war lasted from 1899 to 1902.

• The Union of South Africa, which consisted of both British and Dutch areas , was then formed.

APARTHEID

• The word apartheid means separation.• This was the name of racial segregation in

South Africa from 1848 to 1989.• Blacks and whites did not have the same

rights.• They had separate education and health care.• They had also separate entrances to shops and

public buildings.

• The authorities made about 1,5 million blacks move from cities to rural townships.

• The land was poor and there were not enough jobs.

• Blacks had to show a passport to og into the white area.

• If they didn,t they were arrested and punished.

• Nelson Madela was the leader of a black resistance movement called the African National Congress ( ANC ).

• The authorities banned the ANC.• In 1964 they sentenced Mandela to life

imprisonment.• The UN therefore imposed sanctions on South

Africa.

• After years of international pressure, Nelson Mandela was set free in 1989.

• He decided to work together with President de Klerk to build a multiracial democracy in South Africa.

• They received the Nobel Peace Price for this in 1993.• Mandela and the ANC then won the 1994 elections.• Mandela became president of the new Republic of

South Africa