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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Update on the soybean aphid efficacy program
Erin Hodgson and Greg VanNostrandDepartment of Entomology
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Outline
• Review of survey to Iowa soybean growers in 2010
• Soybean aphid efficacy evaluation
• Where to get more info, handouts
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Background…
• In 2010, paper survey mailed to every ISA member (4,908)
• 18.5% response rate (903); 24% ac grown
• ?’s about production, pests, information sources
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Survey Goals…
• Encouraged to conduct needs-assessment to stakeholders
• Grower awareness of primary soybean pests• How often are they scouting?• How many acres are being treated with
insecticides?• Where are they getting management info?
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
A decade of changes
• Few economic soybean pests
• Soybean aphid confirmed in 2000– 40% economic loss potential– Quickly became #1 pest– Production costs increased
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
A decade of changes
• 1.1 million fewer soybean acres in Iowa1
• Increased seed prices2
–Up 108% from 2001
• Higher market values1
–$4.54/bu in 2000, $9.97/bu in 2010
1USDA-NASS; 2Neuman New York Times 2010
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Increased insecticide use
• 130-fold increase in soybean since 20001
• ~73% soybean with seed treatment in 2009*
1Ragsdale et al. Ann Rev. Entomol. 2011; *Hodgson et al. Journal of Extension, in press
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Percent increase of soybean acres treated with a foliar insecticide in 2009 compared to 2000 (1,423% average statewide increase).*
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
What are their soybean pests?*
Pest % Primary Pest % EncounteredSoybean aphid 93.8 97.6Bean leaf beetle 5.0 63.0Stink bugs 0.0 7.2Japanese beetle 0.6 17.9Potato leafhopper 0.2 7.0Thrips 0.0 0.9Spider mites 0.3 28.9Caterpillars 0.0 2.9Other 0.2 2.3
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Are they scouting?
• IA growers reported fields are scouted weekly (60%) or every 2 weeks (34%)*
• Fields are scouted by themselves (55%), agribusiness (44%), and/or consultants (32%)*
• 17% use Speed Scouting regularly*
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Newest management tool
• Host plant resistance– Naturally occurring germplasm– Commercially released in 2010– Single gene expression, Rag1– Moderate “killing power”
• Complementary to chemical control• Not widely promoted by industry yet
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Awareness of HPR for SBA
• ~20% IA growers haven’t heard of HPR for SBA*
• ~43% IA growers said they would consider trying HPR*
Rag1 plot (left) and susceptible plot, heavily infested with soybean aphid. Note sooty
mold on the susceptible plants.
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Where are they getting info?*Source % Used % Mostly/Very HelpfulAgribusiness 90.5 89.0Friends, Family 79.9 59.4ICM News 63.2 74.7Field Days 63.1 55.7ISU Personnel 58.6 72.5Websites 57.8 63.8Crop Advantage Series 41.5 70.3Outside Iowa 27.6 33.6ICM Conference 27.2 58.1Other 5.5 91.3
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Survey Summary
• Soybean production has changed– Decision making is more complicated
• SBA is the primary pest• Most are scouting!• Getting info from many sources– Agribusiness is highly trusted– Where is agribusiness getting data?
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
New Survey Goals
• Repeat survey in 3 years• New pests, market?• Improve HPR awareness, IPM
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SURVEY?
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
2011 SOYBEAN APHID EFFICACY EVALUATION
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Susceptible: 05RM310021; Rag1: 07JR801843• RCBD, 4 reps/treatment– # trts/location was variable
• 6 rows wide, 50 feet long
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
2011 ISU Research Farm Locations
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Sampled control plots weekly until July• Sampled all plots in Aug/Sept• Whole plant counts (20 -> 3)
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Cumulative aphid days = Area under the curve
Economic threshold
Economic injury level
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Methods
• Target application at threshold or R5
• Backpack sprayer– 20 gal H20, 40 psi
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
New for 2011…a 6-row sprayer!
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Johnson Farm Northeast Farm
Northwest Farm• Variable pressure• Late peak >R6• Comparison of
Rag1 and susceptible
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Johnson CAD and Yield ResultsPeak aphids = 110/plant; no yield differences
Rag1 suppressed
aphids
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Northeast CAD and Yield Results
Rag1 suppressed aphids; yield was also lower…
Peak aphids = 425/plant
***
*
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
What is Transform?
• Dow AgroSciences• Sulfoxaflor; sulfoximine class (novel)• Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors• Broad spectrum activity• Targeting fluid feeders • Should be approved for 2012
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Northwest CAD and Yield ResultsPeak aphids = >800/plant
Rag1 suppressed aphids; yield was also higher…
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Research Summary
• Variable aphid #’s between locations– Johnson, Northeast, Northwest
• Fields colonized mid-July, early August
• Applications made R5 (mid-August)
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Research Summary
• Rag1 suppressed aphid growth at all locations
• Seed treatment further reduced CAD
• Foliar application at ET still protected yield
Northwest Farm
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Summary
• HPR to soybean aphid is a new tool– Single gene with moderate resistance– Slowed population growth–Continue to scout–May exceed thresholds– Still need to protect yield
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Summary
• Rag1 plots have fewer aphids• Can prevent ET and insecticides• Rag1 doesn’t cause yield drag– May not be in highest-yielding seed?
• Strongly encourage using Rag1 or Rag1+2
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Acknowledgments
• ISU Farm Managers: Kent Berns, Ken Pecinovsky, Ryan Rusk
• Matt O’Neal, Mike McCarville• Mari Kemis, Brandi Geisinger
Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
Where to get more information
• ICM News www.extension.iastate.edu/CropNews
• Soybean Aphid www.ent.iastate.edu/soybeanaphid/
• To see more talkswww.ent.iastate.edu/dept/faculty/hodgson
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
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Soybean aphid efficacy program update2011 ICM Conference, Ames Iowa
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