Space travel

transcript

Space Travel

Newspace

Commercial Space Operations are Lifting Off

NewSpace

What is NewSpace?

NewSpace NewSpace, or "new space companies”, is a

term that evolved to cover approaches to space development that differ significantly from that taken by NASA and the mainstream aerospace industry.

Development of launch systems principally with private funding.

Low cost approaches or budgeting plans.Primary drive towards innovation.Aim to increase human presence in outer

space.

NewSpaceNewSpace Companies

Space Competitions

NewSpace Conferences

Space Organizations

NewSpace Companies

NewSpace CompaniesArmadillo Aerospace Bigelow Aerospace Blue Origin Masten Space

Systems Orbital Outfitters Orbital Sciences

Corporation Rocket Racing League Rocketplane Kistler

Scaled Composites Space AdventuresSpaceDev SpaceX T/Space Virgin Galactic XCOR Aerospace Zero Gravity

Corporation

Orbital Outfitters

“Have Space Suit – Will Travel” – Robert A. Heinlein

The Mission of Orbital Outfitters is to provide affordable, industrial quality space suits and related services to commercial and government space travelers and explorers.

SpaceDiverThe goal of SpaceDiver is to create the

systems and infrastructure necessary to allow a human being to accomplish an emergency (or other) egress from one of the NewSpace sub-orbital spacecraft and return to Earth safely - to bail out and skydive from the edge of space - or as it will be branded, “SpaceDive.”

SpaceDiver Flight Profile

Rocket Racing LeagueThe Rocket Racing League is a racing

league that would use rocket powered aircraft. The formation of the league was announced by Granger Whitelaw, and Peter Diamandis, founder of the Ansari X-Prize, on October 3, 2005, in partnership with the Reno Air Races.

According to Diamandis, the purpose of the league is to "inspire people of all ages to once again look up into the sky and find inspiration and excitement."

Rocket Racing League

Rocket RacesTo be held at venues across the country, the

Rocket Racing League will feature multiple races pitting up to 10 Rocket Racers going head to head in a 4-lap, multiple elimination heat format on a 5-mile "Formula One"-like closed circuit raceway in the sky. The Rocket Racer pilots see the "raceway in the sky" via in-panel and 3D helmet displays.

Six teams are currently registered to compete in the Rocket Racing League’s Inaugural Season.

Raceway In The Sky

Space Adventures

Space Adventures' vision is to open spaceflight and the space frontier to private citizens.

Suborbital MissionsOrbital MissionsLunar MissionsOther Experiences

Spaceflight TrainingZero Gravity FlightsLaunch Tour

Suborbital MissionsPrice - $102,000

All of Space Adventures' suborbital spaceflights are preceded by four days of intensive training and flight preparation.

Russian C-21

Orbital Missions Successfully flown six private citizens to the International Space

Station as clients. Former Microsoft exec Charles Simonyi recently completed his second mission and became the Space Adventures first repeat customer.

Charles Simonyi - 2 missions, April 2007 and April 2009, total 25 days in space

Richard Garriott - October 2008, 12 days in space

Anousheh Ansari - September 2006, 10 days in space

Greg Olsen - October 2005, 9 days in space

Mark Shuttleworth - April 2002, 8 days in space

Dennis Tito - April 2001, 7 days in space

Russian Launch to the ISS

Soyuz rocket

Anousheh Ansari

September 2006,

10 days in space

Lunar MissionsPrice - $100 millionWeek long tripSlingshot around the Moon and return to

EarthFly within 60 miles of the lunar surface

SpaceDev

SpaceDev California is focused on developing responsive and low-cost small spacecraft - microsats, nanosats and maneuvering and orbital transfer vehicles (MoTV) - and safe, sub-orbital and orbital hybrid propulsion systems.

SpaceDev

Hybrid rocket propulsion

This unique technology is based on a combination of two, very safe materials: nitrous oxide (N2O) as the oxidizer, and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), or synthetic rubber as the fuel. The result is a propulsion technology that blends the simplicity of solid rockets with the restart and throttle ability of liquid-fueled propulsion.

The most significant aspect is that hybrid rockets are much safer than other rocket technologies

Hybrid Propulsion

SpaceShipOne

Test Firing

SpaceDevBeing used by or developed for:SpaceShipOneManeuver and orbital Transfer Vehicle

(MoTV)SpaceDev Dream ChaserHybrid Upper Stage

SpaceX

Established in 2002 by Elon Musk , the founder of PayPal and the Zip2 Corporation, SpaceX has already developed two brand new launch vehicles, established an impressive launch manifest, and been awarded COTS funding by NASA to demonstrate delivery and return of cargo to the International Space Station.

Falcon 1Falcon 1 is a two stage,

liquid oxygen and rocket

grade kerosene (RP-1)

powered launch vehicle. It

is designed in-house from

the ground up by SpaceX

for cost efficient and

reliable transport of

satellites to low Earth

orbit.

On September 28, 2008,

SpaceX made history when

its Falcon 1, designed and

manufactured from the

ground up by SpaceX,

became the first privately-

developed liquid fuel

rocket to orbit the Earth.

Falcon 9

Like Falcon 1, Falcon 9

is a two stage, liquid

oxygen and rocket

grade kerosene (RP-1)

powered launch

vehicle. It uses the

same engines,

structural architecture

(with a wider

diameter), avionics

and launch system.

Maiden Flight, fall

Falcon 9 rocket engines

918,000 lbs of

thrust

Dragon Capsule

The Dragon spacecraft

is made up of a

pressurized capsule and

unpressurized trunk

used for Earth to LEO

transport of pressurized

cargo, unpressurized

cargo, and/or crew

members. Initiated

internally by SpaceX in

2005, Dragon will be

utilized to fulfill our

NASA COTS contract for

demonstration of cargo

re-supply of the ISS.

Dragon Lab

Virgin Galactic

Virgin Galactic is a company within Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group which plans to provide sub-orbital spaceflights to the paying public.

Further in the future Virgin Galactic plans to offer orbital spaceflights as well.

White Knight Two carrying SpaceShipeTwo

VSS Eve

Flight ProfileThe time from liftoff of the White Knight II

booster carrying SpaceShipTwo until the touchdown of SpaceShipTwo after the suborbital flight will be about 2.5 hours. The suborbital flight itself will only be a small fraction of that time.

The weightlessness will last approximately 6 minutes. Passengers will be able to release themselves from their seats during these 6 minutes and float around the cabin.

SpaceShipTwo in space

Wings folded for

re-entry

Inside SpaceShipTwo

Zero Gravity Corporation

Founded by entrepreneur Peter Diamandis, astronaut Byron K. Lichtenberg, and NASA engineer Ray Cronise, the company is one of many private space companies working towards space tourism.

The company operates a modified Boeing 727 which flies parabolic arcs similar to those of NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Aircraft.

Primary Locations: Las Vegas, NV – Signature Air Terminal at McCarran

International Airport Cape Canaveral, FL – Shuttle Landing Facility at the

Kennedy Space Center Titusville, FL – Bristow Air Center

G-Force One

Floating in Zero-G

A number of notable

passengers have been on

weightless flights run by

the company, including

Penn Jillette and Teller ,

Martha Stewart, Burt

Rutan, Buzz Aldrin, and

John Carmack.

Theoretical physicist

Stephen Hawking also

completed a shortened

flight on April 26, 2007.

The current price of a flight

for a single passenger is

$4,950.00.

Questions?

Continuing...How can you get involved?

Space Competitions

Space Organizations

Space Competitions

Space CompetitionsAnsari X PrizeAmerica's Space PrizeGoogle Lunar X Prize N-PrizeCentennial Challenges

Ansari X Prize

The Ansari X PRIZE was a space competition in which the X PRIZE Foundation offered a $10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.

The prize was won on October 4, 2004 by the project designed by Burt Rutan and financed by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, using the experimental spaceplane SpaceShipOne.

White Knight One carrying Space Ship One

Pre-Launch

Launching Space Ship One, Winning the XPRIZE

America’s Space PrizeAmerica's Space Prize is a US$50 million

space competition in orbital spaceflight established and funded by hotel entrepreneur Robert Bigelow. The prize would have been awarded to the first US-based privately-funded team to design and build a reusable manned capsule capable of flying 5 astronauts to a Bigelow Aerospace inflatable space module. The prize expires January 10, 2010. There must be two flights within 60 days. The teams must be based in the United States of America.

Google Lunar XPRIZE

The Google Lunar X PRIZE is a $30 million international competition to safely land a robot on the surface of the Moon, travel 500 meters over the lunar surface, and send images and data back to the Earth.

18 teams, many multi-national, are currently developing their entry.

Odyssey Moon

Craft Name:

MoonOne (M-1)

Nationality:

Multi-national

with Isle of

Man/UK

jurisdiction

Astrobotic

Craft Name: Red

Rover / Artemis

Lander

Nationality: USA

Team Italia

Craft Name:

Ascensio

Machinae Ad

Lunam Italica

Arte - AMALIA

Nationality:

Italian

Micro-Space

Craft Name:

Nationality: USA

Next Giant Leap

Craft Name:

Nationality: USA

FREDNET

Craft Name:

Undecided

Nationality:

Multi-National

Craft Name:

European Lunar

Explorer - ELE

Nationality:

Romanian

LunaTrex

Craft Name:

Tumbleweed

Nationality: USA

CHANDAH

Craft Name:

Shehrezade

Nationality: USA

Advaeros

Craft Name:

Picard

Nationality:

Malaysia, multi-

national

STELLAR

Craft Name:

Stellar Eagle

Nationality: USA

JURBAN

Craft Name:

Nationality: USA

Independence-X Aerospace

Craft Name:

Independence

Lunar Rover – 1

(ILR-1)

Nationality:

Malaysia

Omega Envoy

Craft Name:

Nationality: USA

SYNERGY MOON

Craft Name:

Spherical Robotic

Nationality:

multinational

Euroluna

Craft Name:

Nationality:

Danish, Swiss,

Italian

SELENE

Craft Name:

SELENA 1 /

LuRoCa 1

Nationality:

China, Germany

White Label Space

Craft Name:

Nationality:

Multinational

N-Prize18 teams are competing for the prize.

Nebula

Epsilon Vee

Vulcan

Microlaunchers

Odyssey

Potent Voyager

Prometheus

Kiwi 2 Space

Team Phalanx

YitSpace

Aerosplice

Daedalus Aerospace

Solarion

WikiSat

The N-Prize (the "N" stands for "Nanosatellite" or "Negligible Resources“) is a competition to stimulate innovation directed towards obtaining cheap access to space. The competition was launched in 2008 and is intended specifically to spur amateur involvement in spaceflight.

N-PrizeRules in brief

TThe N-Prize offers two cash Prizes, each of £9,999.99 (nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine pounds and ninety-nine pence, sterling).

The prizes will be awarded to the first persons or groups to put into orbit around the Earth a satellite with a mass of between 9.99 and 19.99 grams, and to prove that it has completed at least 9 orbits.

One prize (the "single-spend-to-orbit", or "SSO" Prize) will be awarded to the first entrant to complete the challenge using a non-reusable launch system. The other prize (the "reusable vehicle" or "RV" Prize) will be awarded to the first entrant to complete the challenge using a partially or wholly reusable launch system. Both prizes carry equal status.

The cost of the launch, but not ground facilities, must fall within a budget of £999.99. Entrants for the RV Prize may exceed this budget, but must demonstrate recovery of hardware such that the per-launch cost remains within £999.99.

Imaginative use of string and chewing gum is encouraged. Entrants are responsible for everything, organisers are responsible for nothing.

N-Prize ChallengeThe challenge posed by the N-Prize is to

launch a satellite weighing between 9.99 and 19.99 grams into Earth orbit, and to track it for a minimum of nine orbits. Most importantly, though, the launch budget must be within £999.99 (about $1500) - and must include the launch vehicle, all of the required non-reusable launch equipment hardware, and propellant.

Centennial Challenges As of April 2007, seven Challenges have

been announced. The six space related ones are:

Tether ChallengeBeam Power ChallengeMoon Regolith Oxygen ChallengeRegolith Excavation ChallengeLunar Lander ChallengeAstronaut Glove Challenge

Beam Power challenge

This is a competition to build a wirelessly-powered ribbon-climbing robot. The contest involves having the robot lift a large payload within a limited timeframe. The first competition in 2005 would have awarded $50,000, $20,000, and $10,000 to the three best-performing teams, meeting the minimum benchmark of 1 m/s. However, no team met this standard, with only two teams climbing under beam power. This prize also increased to $200,000 in 2006, but no team was able to accomplish the full set of requirements.

In 2007 the prize money was raised to $500,000 for this competition.

Tether Climber Competition

Powered by

sunlight

Lunar Lander Challenge

The Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge is a competition funded by NASA's Centennial Challenges program. The competition offers a series of prizes for teams that launch a vertical takeoff/vertical landing (VTVL) rocket that achieves the total delta-v needed for a vehicle to move between the surface of the Moon and its orbit. The multi-level competition is conducted by the X PRIZE Foundation, with sponsorship from the Northrop Grumman Corporation who run the on-going competition.

Texel and Pixel

Armadillo

Aerospace’s

entries

Space Access Society - Access to Space

National Space Society - International Space Development Conference

Space Frontier Foundation - NewSpace

Space OrganizationsNational Space Society Space Access Society Space Frontier Foundation Space Tourism Society SpaceVidcast Students for the Exploration and

Development of Space (SEDS)Yuri's Night

Conclusion

10 Space Tourism Facts You Need to Know

Sputnik - Russia’s most advanced Satellite.

1. As of 2008, only Russia is offering civilian tickets into space. Consider remortgaging your house before you leave; tickets are currently on the market for a sweet $20 million, and they’re full until 2009. There is a rumor that EasyJet are going to be offering free flights to the Sea of Tranquility, with the booking fee estimated around the $10 million mark, or $80 one way. Plus taxes.

2. Space Ship One was the first private vehicle to fly above the Kármán Line in 2004. The Kármán space begins.

Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No - it’s a business opportunity.

Virgin Galactic: SpaceShipTwoVirgin Galactic: SpaceShipTwo

SpaceShipTwo/WhiteKnightTwo6 passengers & 2 pilots to 100km+Tickets $200,000 per seat

First test flights: summer 2008First commercial flight: 2010?

SpaceShipTwo/WhiteKnightTwo6 passengers & 2 pilots to 100km+Tickets $200,000 per seat

First test flights: summer 2008First commercial flight: 2010?

3. Virgin Galactic aims to be the first commercial venture to fly civilians into space, allowing them to experience weightlessness for up to six minutes at a time.

4. There are a variety of Space Tourism websites on the internet, all with horrendous colour schemes. If the spacecraft engineering is as bad as the website design, there will be many, many fatalities. A quick Google image search reveals the chilling truth that space tourism is still mainly based on cartoon diagrams.

6. Getting there is indeed

half the fun, but what

about accomodation? If

you’re planning to stay in

space for a long weekend

there is, literally, only one

place to go: the

International Space Station.

Still under construction,

this high-rise hotel offers

the latest in amenities,

including the thrilling

Multipurpose Laboratory

Module, the heart-

pounding excitement of

Node 3, and the small, yet

comfortable Mini-

Research Module 1.

The International Space Station, still more spacious than a Travel Inn.

7. Apart from Virgin

Galactic, there are

several other parties

who have expressed

interest in venturing

into the space tourism

market, including

Space Adventures,

Space Island Group

Bigelow Aerospace.

Owned by Robert

Bigelow, the company

aims to provide

affordable space

stations for

corporations. Another

cracker is

Armadillo Aerospace.

The Ansari X-Prize & SpaceShipOneThe Ansari X-Prize & SpaceShipOne

Ansari X-Prize:

$10 million for first vehicle to carry 3 people (or 1+equivalent mass) to 100km and back twice in two weeks.

Winner:

Scaled Composites SpaceShipOnedesigned by Burt Rutan.

Programme cost $25-30 million

Technology licensed to Virgin Galacticfor passenger-carrying service.

9. While the above companies

are mucking about with getting

us ordinary folk into space,

NASA are currently finishing

off plans for Orion, the

successor to the Space Shuttle.

Unlike the Shuttle, Orion will

consist of two different

vehicles, one intended to take

people into space, and one

intended to take people and

payloads into space. The craft

is intended to provide transport

to the Moon, something which

the Shuttle was incapable of.

Both vehicles will be so big that

a human being will be shorter

than the US flag NASA is

planning to paint on the side of

The Orion - The Space Shuttle’s Successor.

10. Before it’s even

properly begun,

Space Tourism has a

society called… the

Space Tourism Society

. Based primarily in

California, its goal is

to encourage as many

people as possible to

head into space.

Many people think that Space tourists have a very nice and relaxing trip. That is correct in some ways and incorrect in others.

A day in the life of a Space Tourist

How to prepare

Before you take your Flight into space you are required to pass a physical to make sure you can handle the stressful conditions of space flight. All space Tourists who want to take a flight to the ISS in a Soyuz taxi mission must go through a thorough medical exam before taking off.

Space tourists should begin training several days to a few weeks before the tests. A regular exercise program is mandatory as part of a space tourists preflight training. A proper diet is also necessary to pass the preflight medical check-up. Excess alcohol and caffeine should be avoided. Smoking should also be avoided.

Minors People with physical impairments or disabilities that may prevent them from safely evacuating a space station or ejecting from an aircraft

People with serious heart problems People with serious coronary artery disease People with major diseases affecting their

organs People with severe vertigo or

claustrophobia

These people can’t be space tourists:

Other than passing a physical exam, space tourists have to learn about some “elementary scientific topics.”

Space Tourists have to have a basic understanding of astrodynamics. Astrodynamics is the motion of objects in space. Space tourists should know:

What is an orbit What is gravity What is escape velocity What is weightlessness (microgravity)

Space food is food that is made for

conditions in space, mainly gravity-less food that is non-perishable, some foods like salt and

pepper are available but they are not

available in their rocky form, in space they

are made into a liquid so they will not get in

the way of the astronauts.

Space Food

Rehydratable (R) Foods - During the flight, water is added back to food just before it is eaten.

Thermostabalized (T) - Foods are heat processed to destroy harmful microorganisms and enzymes.

Intermediate Moisture (IM) - Food items that are preserved by restricting the amount of water for microbial growth yet, giving the food a soft texture.

Natural Form (NF) - Ready to eat foods such as nuts, cookies and granola bars.

Irradiated (I) Meat - beef steak Condiments - liquid salt and pepper, ketchup, and mustard. Shelf Stable Tortillas - Tortillas that have the oxygen

removed to prevent the growth of mold on them. Fresh Foods (FF)- normal hydrated foods that need to be

eaten within the first two days of flight to prevent spoilage. Beverages (B) - drinks

Categories of Food

food where water is removed from the food making it easier to store, before the food is eaten again, water is re-added to the food before it is eaten

Rehydratable Food

Thermostablized Food:food which can be placed in room temperature and are placed in cans, some foods that are thermostablized are tuna fish and fruits

Intermediate Moisture Food:

food where water is taken out but enough water is left to preserve the softness of the food, some foods like these are dried peaches, beef jerky, and pears

Natural Food Form:

food where it is ready to eat and packed in flexible pouches or bags, some of these foods are nuts, granola bars and cookies

Irradiated Food:

food where it is wrapped in foil pouches and the food is then sterilized by ionizing radiation (forming everything into ions)

Frozen Food:quick frozen to prevent large ice crystals and to make sure that the texture and quality of the food stays the same

Fresh Food:

food that is fresh like we have on Earth

Refrigerated Food:foods that need cold or cool temperatures to make sure that it will not spoil

The Space Tourists also have to learn “language training.” Language training is not a space tourist having to learn a whole other language, but a space tourist having to learn certain words from the language that will be used in space. For example, if a space tourist speaks English fluently, but is flying on a Soyuz, they will need to learn some Russian words so they can communicate better.

Space language

Space tourists must also undergo spacesuit and equipment training. Space tourists who are going to the Space Station are required to wear a special suit during launch and reentry called the Sokol. The Sokol SK-1 is designed just for space tourists and it has 5 main functions

Space suit…

The Industrial Suborbital Spacesuit (IS3)

Protection from loss oxygen Protection from loss of cabin/capsule pressure

Protection from frigid air and water temperatures

Protection from extreme heat and flame

Protection from blood pooling caused by weightlessness

They are the following:

Life in space is very different from life on Earth. A space tourist can find a lot of things to photograph, here are just a few.

The Great Wall of China Mount Everest The Amazon River The Bahamas Hurricanes Volcanic Eruptions Lightning Storms The Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis

Life in Space

Sleeping in space can be difficult because the spacecraft

is orbiting the Earth every 90 minutes; this makes it so

that the craft is never completely in darkness for very

long. Also the lights may be on because the crew works in

shifts. Motion sickness and warming rays of the sun may

also disrupt a Space tourists sleep. A space tourist gets a

sleeping mask to keep out most of the light. The sleeping

quarters of a space tourist vary on the spacecraft they are

in. A space tourist will probably sleep in a special sleeping

bag that is attached to the wall. Without the attachment,

the space tourist would float freely around the cabin

bumping into things and possibly getting hurt.

Sleeping….

A space station is where experiments are conducted in outer space . It is a place for astronauts to live in while they conduct these experiments. It can be in space anywhere from a day to many years.

What is a space station?

Space Station Missions : Salyut 1-7

Salyut- the

Salyut space

station program

was a program

launched by the

Russians in the

1970's, in the

Salyut space

station missions,

each Salyut from

1-7 had a specific

purpose

Space Station Missions :Skylab 1-4

Skylab- the Skylab

space station was

the first American

space station to be

launched into orbit,

the main objectives

of the Skylab

missions was for

humans to live in

space and expand

our knowledge of the

solar system

Environmental Impact of Space TourismEnvironmental Impact of Space Tourism

Carbon footprint

Toxic pollution

Effect on wildlife

Noise pollution – sonic boom

Emissions in upper atmosphere

EPA spaceport

assessment

Debris hazard from in-flight accidents

FAA vehiclecertification

Benefits of Space TourismBenefits of Space Tourism

Personal experience – the ‘overview effect’

Variety of technical approaches (not “one true way”)

Incremental development (“build a little, test a little”)

Safer and more robust spacecraft

Much easier access for space science experiments

Cheaper, more routine access to space

MONEY TO FUND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT!

The FutureThe Future

“Kankoh Maru”Design study for VTVL SSTO byJapan Rocket Society50 passengers to orbit

“Skylon”UK design for HTHL SSTOusing airbreathing rockets

60 passengers to orbitTickets “less than £50,000”

Sunita Willioms

Barbara Morgan

Space travel

Education