Spanish Business and Entrepreneuship

Francisco Diaz BretonesUniversity of Granada

(Spain)fdiazb@ugr.esSpanish Business and

Entrepreneurship

Bretones, F. D. (2001). Spanish business and entrepreneurship. Pan American Days 2001.April 16–20, 2001. Edimburg TX. University of Texas at Edimburg.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

European enterprises

UE-15: 18,444,000Italy: 3,798,000U.K.: 3,313,000Germany: 3,261,000Spain: 2,402,000France: 2,322,000

Greece: 733,000Portugal: 642,000Belgium: 518,000Netherland: 516,000Austria: 243,000Sweden: 243,000Finland: 194,000Denmark: 164,000Ireland: 76,000Luxembourg: 19,000

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Creation of enterpries (per year)

0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

Enterprises

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Spanish enterprises profile

Without workers: 54.60%1-2 workers: 25.66%3-5 workers: 9.50%6-9 workers: 4.18%10-19 workers: 3.28%More than 20 workers: 2.76%

(INE, 2000)

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Spanish entrepreneur´s motivation

Economic opportunities (62.8%).

Personal factors (25.5%).

Profesional development (11.7%).

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Economic problems

- Taxes.

- Inflation.

- Banks rates.

- Appropriate personnel's readiness.

- Transports.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Financing

Europe USA Spain

Other fund 27.36% 29.47% 21.03%

Banks 19.84% 18.38% 15.55%

Other 7.52% 11.09% 5.48%

Owner Fund 72.64% 70.53% 78.97%

Family 1.05% 0.88% 2.36%

Savings 71.59% 69.65% 76.61%

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors

Educational level.Age.Personal values.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors: educational level

Labor aspirations and level of education.

Other psychological dimensions.

Level of the entreprenuers' education and the size of the company.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors: age

From 21 to 25 years: 87%,

More than 35 years old: 67%

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors: values

Willful, energetic, resolved, tenacious, logical, rational, methodical, rigorous, demanding and nice brave, motivated.

The initiative, the responsibility and the professional profile.

Innovative spirit, Capacity to coordinate and assume risks.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Personal factors:psychological dimensionsn Achievment.

Locus of Control.

Propensity to Risk.

Attitudes.Spanish Business and

Entrepreneurship

Professional development

Unemployment.

Professional experience.

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Professional development: unemployment

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

UnemploymentNew enterprises

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Professional development:experience

Rural areas Urban areas

Experience(years)

5.54 5.38

Firstemployment(age)

18.60 18.43

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship

Professional development:experience

Men Women

Experience(years)

6.89 1.70

Firstemployment(age)

17.16 22.33

Spanish Business and Entrepreneurship