East meets West Spanish Period

Ueseni Gunsi-Gabriel

Reasons for colonization

1. the extension of faith2. increase of dominion 3. glory – Spain vs. Portugal4. riches

Reasons for Explorations

1. Gospel2. Gold 3. Glory

Spice Trade

Spices add flavor to drab European food in the 16th century

Bartering for spices in a marketplace of a German city in the 16th century

Spices were in demand in Medieval Europe to mask the unpleasant odor and tasteof decomposing food

16th century European cargo boats Transporting spices and produce

Source:http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/tropical/lecture_35/lec_35.html

Attraction of Spices in Antiquity

Magical rites and spells Purification ceremonies and embalming Fragrances & perfumes Flavoring & condiments Food preservation Curatives, aphrodisiacs, vermifuges Poisons Spices (especially cloves, pepper, saffron,

nutmeg) become great source of wealth in the 4th to 5th century.

Middle Ages

Commerce between Europe and East limited Moslem Arabs controlled the spice trade Venice became great power and controlled the

Adriatic and grew rich based on its trade with the east

Information on spices came from famous travelers Rabbi Benjamin (1160-1173) Europe, Africa, and Asia Marco Polo (1254-1324) Venetian visited the Kublai

Khan in China and brought back secret source of spices. Describes Silk Road and seas routes to India

Plague outbreaks in 14th century increased value of spices

Magellan’s route

Patronato Real

Kapangyarihan ng Hari na pumili ng mga clergy

Union of Catholic Church and State Divine Right Theory of Kings

Patronato Real

Church Evangelization of the

natives Recognizing the right

of Spaniards to colonization

State Promote and

maintain peace and order

Promote, maintain and defend Catholic faith

Extract tribute and finance costs of missionary works / stipend

http://www.slideshare.net/vballano/philippine-history-the-spanish-colonization

Catholic Church

1. Augustinians, 15652. Franciscans, 15773. Dominicans, 15874. Jesuit, 15815. Recollects, 16066. Capucchins

PAOAY CHURCH

Reduccion / Reduksyon / Plaza Complex

Political Structure, Spanish Period

Encomienda System

Encomienda Miguel Lopez de Legaspi Ito ay hango sa salitang Espanyol na encomendar na nangangahulugang “ipagkatiwala.”

Binuwag noong 1674 encomendero

Puropose ng Encomienda

1. To organize the colony2. To indoctrinate the

natives Teach Catholic doctrines

2 Uri ng Encomienda

1. Royal o Crown. Ito ay tumutukoy sa mga malalawak na

lupain sa mga baybay-dagat na pagmamay-ari ng Hari ng Espanya.

Dahil malapit ito sa mga karagatan, mayayaman ang mga lupaing ito at may masiglang kalakalan.

Halimbawa ng royal encomienda ay ang Malabon, Navotas, Santa Ana at Bagumbayan.

2. Pribado. Ito ay ang mga lupain na opisyal na

itinatalaga ng Hari ng Espanya sa mga tapat niyang alagad na naglilingkod sa Filipinas.

Halimbawa ng pribadong encomienda ang Sampalok, Pandakan, Batangas at Bataan.

Source: http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Sistemang_Encomienda

Economic1. Polo y servicio

Prestacion Personal ay hango sa sistemang Repartimiento de Labor na ipinatupad ng Espanya sa Mexico

sapilitang pagpapatrabaho sa mga lalaking Pilipino at Mestizo Tsino na may edad na labing-anim (16) hanggang animnapu (60) sa loob ng 40 araw

Falla – ½ reales

July 26, 1523, King Charles V “Indians who had been pacified should contribute a MODERATE AMOUNT in recognition of their vassalage (Cushner, 1979:101)”

2. Tribute

3. Kalakalang Galyon

Mas kilala bilang Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade

1565 (?) – 1815 Boletas – space in the ships Many of the ships were built in the

shipyard in Cavite, but others were built in Mindoro, Pangasinan, Iloilo and Marinduque.

Produkto ng Kalakalang Galyon

1. Porcelain2. Lacquer ware3. Spices4. silk

Silver 8 real coin of Philip V of Spain, 1739

Social Classes

1. Peninsulares

Mga Kastilang ipinanganak sa Espanya

2. Insulares

3. Mestizo / Kriolyo Spanish-Filipino

mestizo costume, 1800s

Spanish-Filipino mestizo costume, 1800s

Chinese-Filipino mestizo costume, 1800s

4. Indio

5. Chinese pure-

blooded Not

converted to Catholic faith

UNA BULAQUEÑAni Juan Luna1895

Education

Edukasyon

Christian Doctrine / Latin Missionaries Pribilehiyo Magkahiwalay ang babae at lalake Science at Math ay di masyadong

itinuro

Schools for Boys

1. School for boys in Cebu,1565 by the Augustinians

2. Colegio de San Ignacio,1589 by the Jesuits in Manila

3. Colegio de San Idelfonso" in Cebu in 1595 (Jesuits)

4. Colegio de San Jose (1601)5. 1589, Escuela Pia

6. University of Santo Tomas,1611 by the Dominicans

7. San Juan de Letran, 1630,Dominicans established for the orphaned boys.

School for Girls

1. Colegio de Santa Potenciana was the first school and college for girls. This was opened in 1589

2. Colegio de Santa Isabel opened in 1632. 3. Beaterio - for orphaned girls who could

not afford to educate themselves. The subjects taught were housekeeping,

cooking, sewing and embroidery-making, and others intended for good housekeeping.

Educational Decree 1863

The first educational system for students in the country was established by virtue of the Education Decree of 1863.

required the government to provide school institutions for boys and girls in every town.

As a consequence, the Spanish schools started accepting Filipino students. It was during this time when the intellectual Filipinos emerged.

The Normal School was also established which gave men the opportunity to study a three-year teacher education for the primary level.

Ateneo Municipal

Side entrance of the old University Santo Tomas in Intramuros