Adaptations to TrainingDavid Faulkner

Adaptations to TrainingAims of the session:

• Introduction to AO3• Identify, discuss and investigate the short term affects of

exercise• Explain the assessment• Begin assessment

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingWhat is AO3?

Part 2Nikki(TBC)

Part 1David

PhysiologicalAdaptations

PsychologicalAdaptations

Both Parts need to be submitted by…

Part 1

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingWhat are the 4 main physiological systems in the human body?

Body Systems

SkeletalSystem

MuscularSystem

RespiratorySystem

CardiovascularSystem

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingThe Task…

You have been asked by the Head of PE to prepare some material that could be used for key stage 4 students. It is hoped that the work could be displayed in either the PE or Science teaching rooms and be used as visual guidance for the students in their coursework and revision. The work could be presented as a set of display posters, with additional supplementary sheets where necessary.

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingThe material will look at the 4 major systems in the body. The topics to be disscussed are: • Short Term Responses

• Long Term ResponsesSkeletalMuscularCardiovascularRespiratory

Short Term AdaptationsActivity…

Watch the following 2 minute video.

In small groups try and make a list of all the effects that performing exercise will have on the body in the short term.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8ABifVq0pA&feature=related

Short Term Adaptations

Discussion

Short Term AdaptationsWe are going to concentrate on 4 main adaptations:

•Increased Heart Rate (HR)•Vascular Shunt•Blood Pressure Changes•Perspiration

Increased Heart Rate (HR)Heart rate will increase as we begin exercise.

Heart rate will increase linearly with the demands of the activity.

Vascular ShuntActivity…

What is Blood for?

Where does the blood go to?

We only have a certain amount of blood in our bodies (approx 8 pints). When sprint cycling, where is the blood needed most?

In groups make a list.

Vascular Shunt

During rest approx 50% blood goes to metabolically active tissues (e.g. liver, kidneys and resting skeletal muscles get about 15%

During exercise blood is redirected to the areas where it is needed most. Results in some cases in 25 times more blood flow to active muscles during exercise

Vascular ShuntBlood is redistributed towards active skeletal muscle during exercise and away from inactive organs

As body heat builds up some blood flow is shifted to the skin to help maintain internal temperatures within acceptable limits

Blood PressureDuring exercise, blood flow is increased and the heart is stimulated to pump harder ands more frequently.

Activity…

Blood Pressure is made up of two values Systolic (pressure when the heart is contracted) and diastolic (pressure when the heart is relaxed).

When performing as many push ups as possible in a minute, how will blood pressure be affected?

Discuss and record your ideas in groups.

Blood PressureDuring exercise, blood flow is increased and the heart is stimulated to pump harder ands more frequently

Hence the SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE is increased - which in turn forces greater blood flow into the arteries - at greater BLOOD VELOCITY.

Theory into PracticeActivity…

Why does a dog pant with his mouth open and tongue out after running in the park???

Discuss this as a group.

Increased Perspiration

When we begin to exercise the body temperature increases. To stop itself over heating the body secretes water onto the skin which will then be allowed to cool. This cool layer of water on the surface of the skin will cool the body.

This is why it is so important to drink during exercise

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingYour assessment

You need to write a short report on the affects of exercise. You first section will be based around the short term affects.

You will be graded as follows:

Pass Merit Distinction

Describe the adaptations to training. Candidates provide a basic description of the adaptations to training. Their description demonstrates a limited understanding and is supported with few examples.

Candidates provide a detailed description of the adaptations to training. Their description demonstrates a good understanding and is supported with a range of examples.

Candidates provide a comprehensive description of the adaptations to training. Their description demonstrates a thorough understanding and is supported with a range of relevant examples.

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingYou must include the following information.

Affect Description Examples

State the affect Describe/ Explain the affect

Show your understanding by justifying your explanation with examples. (3 for Distinction)

AO3 – Adaptations to trainingActivity…

In your small groups you will be given one of the adaptations we have just discussed.

You have 10 minutes to draw up a poster which includes all of the information required. You will then present this to the group.

Distinction

Candidates provide a comprehensive description of the adaptations to training. Their description demonstrates a thorough understanding and is supported with a range of relevant examples.

Recap of AimsAims of the session:

• Introduction to AO3• Identify, discuss and investigate the short term affects of

exercise• Explain the assessment• Begin assessment

Recap of Aims

• Introduction to AO3• Identify, discuss and investigate the short term affects of

exercise• Explain the assessment

Recommended ReadingHoneybourne ‘A level PE’

Wesson & Wiggins ‘Sport & PE’

Davis, Bull Roscoe and Roscoe ‘PE & the Study of Sport’

Stafford-Brown J BTEC National in Sport and Exercise Science (Hodder andStoughton, 2004)

 

Web sites:

 

www.brianmac.demon.co.uk (excellent resource) www.exercise.about.com

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If you didn’t, don’t worry as it has just finished.

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