Srinivasa Ramanujan A great INDIAN MATHEMATICIAN

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BORN 22 December 1887

PLACE OF BIRTH ERODE, TAMILNADU

FATHER K. Srinivasa Iyengar

MOTHER Komalat Ammal

WIFE Janaki Ammal

SIBLINGS Sadagopan

&

HE STARTED HIS SCHOOLING IN 1892. INITIALLY HE DID NOT LIKE SCHOOL THOUGH HE SOON STARTED EXCELLING HIS STUDIES, ESPECIALLY MATHEMATICS.

IN 1897 HE PASSED HIS EXAMS IN ENGLISH, TAMIL, GEOGRAPHY

AND ARITHMETIC WITH THE HIGHEST SCORES IN HIS

DISTRICT.

ONCE HIS TEACHER SAID THAT WHEN ZERO IS DIVIDED BY ANY NUMBER, THE RESULT IS

ZERO, RAMANUJAN IMMEDIATELY ASKED HIS TEACHER WHEATHER ZERO DIVIDED BY ZERO

GIVES ZERO.

HE PASSED HIS PRIMARY EXAMINATIONS AND STOOD FIRST IN THE DISTRICT AT

TOWN HIGH SCHOOL-KUMBAKONAM IN1898

HE ALSO MASTERED ADVANCED TRIGONOMETRY WRITTEN BY S.L. LONEY AT THE AGE OF 13 YEARS.

IN HIGH SCHOOL HE DEVOURED BOOKS ON MATHEMATICS AND

DISCOVERED ADVANCED THEOREMS.

AT THE AGE OF 16 HE GOT HIS HANDS ON A BOOK CALLED ‘A

SYNOPSIS OF ELEMENTARY RESULTS IN PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS’ BY G.S. CARR WHICH WAS A COLLECTION OF

5,000 THEOREMS. HE WAS THOROUGHLY FASCINATED BY

THE BOOK AND SPENT MONTHS STUDYING IT IN DETAIL. THIS BOOK IS CREDITED TO HAVE

AWAKENED THE MATHEMATICAL GENIUS IN HIM

BY THE TIME HE WAS 17, HE HAD INDEPENDENTLY

DEVELOPED AND INVESTIGATED THE BERNOULLI

NUMBERS AND HAD CALCULATED THE EULER–

MASCHERONI CONSTANT UP TO 15 DECIMAL

PLACES. HE WAS NOW NO LONGER INTERESTED IN

ANY OTHER SUBJECT, AND TOTALLY IMMERSED

HIMSELF IN THE STUDY OF MATHEMATICS ONLY.

HE WAS GRADUATED FROM TOWN HIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL

IN 1904 AND WAS AWARDED THE K. RANGANATHA RAO PRIZE

FOR MATHEMATICS BY THE SCHOOL'S HEADMASTER,

KRISHNASWAMI IYER.

RAMANUJAN MADE SUBSTANTIAL

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

ANALYTICAL THEORY OF NUMBERS

AND WORKED ON ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS,

CONTINUED FRACTIONS AND INFINITE. IN 1900 HE BEGAN TO WORK ON HIS OWN ON

MATHEMATICS SUMMING GEOMETRIC AND

ARITHMETIC SERIES.

HE WORKED ON DIVERGENT SERIES.

HE SENT 120 THEOREMS ON SIMPLE

DIVISIBILITY PROPERTIES OF THE

PARTITION FUNCTION.

PARTITION OF WHOLE NUMBERS IS ANOTHER

SIMILAR PROBLEM THAT CAPTURED

RAMANUJAN’S ATTENTION.

SUBSEQUENTLY RAMANUJAN DEVELOPED A

FORMULA FOR THE PARTITION OF ANY

NUMBER, WHICH CAN BE MADE TO YIELD THE

REQUIRED RESULT BY A SERIES OF

SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION.

EXAMPLE 3=3+0=1+2=1+1+1.

GOLDBACH’S CONJECTURE

IT IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT

ILLUSTRATIONS OF RAMANUJAN CONTRIBUTION

TOWARDS THE PROOF OF THE CONJECTURE.

THE STATEMENT IS EVERY EVEN INTEGER

GREATER THAT TWO IS THE SUM OF TWO

PRIMES.

THAT IS, 6=3+3RAMANUJAN AND HIS ASSOCIATES HAD

SHOWED THAT EVERY LARGE INTEGER COULD

BE WRITTEN AS THE SUM OF AT MOST FOUR

(EXAMPLE: 43=2+5+17+19).

RAMANUJAN STUDIED THE HIGHLY

COMPOSITE NUMBERS ALSO

WHICH ARE RECOGNIZED AS THE

OPPOSITE OF PRIME NUMBERS.

HE STUDIED THEIR STRUCTURE,

DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIAL

FORMS

NUMBERS

FERMAT THEOREM

HE ALSO DID CONSIDERABLE WORK ON

THE UNRESOLVED FERMAT THEOREM,

WHICH STATES THAT A PRIME NUMBER

OF THE FORM 4m+1 IS THE SUM OF

TWO SQUARES.

RAMANUJAN’S NUMBER

1729 IS A FAMOUS RAMANUJAN

NUMBER.

IT IS THE SMALLEST NUMBER

WHICH CAN BE EXPRESSED AS

THE SUM OF TWO CUBES IN

TWO DIFFERENT WAYS

1729 = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103

CUBIC EQUATIONS AND QUADRATIC

EQUATIONS

RAMANUJAN SHOWED HOW TO SOLVE

CUBIC EQUATIONS.

IN 1902 HE WENT ON TO FIND HIS OWN

METHOD TO SOLVE THE QUADRATIC.

EULER’S CONSTANT

BY 1904 RAMANUJAN HAD

BEGAN TO UNDERTAKE DEEP

RESEARCH.

HE INVESTIGATED THE SERIES

(1/n) AND CALCULATED EULER’S

CONSTANT UPTO 15 DECIMAL

PLACES.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

THIS SQUARE LOOKS LIKE

ANY OTHER NORMAL MAGIC

SQUARE. BUT THIS IS

FORMED BY GREAT

MATHEMATICIAN OF OUR

COUNTRY – SRINIVASA

RAMANUJAN.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of numbers of any row is

139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of numbers of any

column is also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of numbers of any

diagonal is also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of corner numbers is

also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of these identical

coloured boxes is also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of these identical

coloured boxes is also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum Of Central Squares Is

Also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of these combinations

is also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Sum of these

combinations is

also 139.

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

Do you Remember the birth

of Srinivasa Ramanujan?

22 12 18 87

88 17 9 25

10 24 89 16

19 86 23 11

It is 22-12-1887

(22nd December 1887)

RAMANUJAN'S HOME STATE

TAMIL NADU CELEBRATES 22 DECEMBER

AS STATE I. T. DAY, MEMORIALISING BOTH

THE MAN AND HIS ACHIEVEMENTS, AS A

NATIVE OF TAMIL NADU.

A STAMP PICTURING RAMANUJAN WAS

RELEASED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN

1962 – THE 75th ANNIVERSARY OF RAMANUJAN'S

BIRTH COMMEMORATING HIS ACHIEVEMENTS IN

THE FIELD OF NUMBER THEORY,AND A NEW

DESIGN WAS ISSUED ON 26 DECEMBER 2011, BY

THE INDIAN POSTAL DEPARTMENT.

THE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

CELEBRATES THE BIRTH DAY OF RAMANUJAN

BY ORGANISING A

NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL

METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

(NSMMA) FOR ONE DAY BY INVITING EMINENT

INDIAN AND FOREIGN SCHOLARS.

ON THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH, INDIA

DECLARED THE BIRTHDAY OF RAMANUJAN AS

NATIONAL MATHEMATICS DAY.

THE DECLARATION WAS MADE BY

DR. MANMOHAN SINGH IN 2011.

DR. MANMOHAN SINGH ALSO DECLARED THAT THE

YEAR 2012 WOULD BE CELEBRATED AS

THE NATIONAL MATHEMATICS YEAR.

SCULPTURE

OF RAMANUJAN WAS

INSTALLED AT THE

GARDEN OF BIRLA

INDUSTRIAL &

TECHNOLOGICAL

MUESEUM BY ITS

MANAGEMENT.

GOOGLE HONOURED HIM ON

HIS 125TH BIRTH

ANNIVERSARY BY REPLACING

ITS LOGO WITH A DOODLE ON

ITS HOME PAGE.

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN WAS A SELF-TAUGHT PURE MATHEMATICIAN.

HE HAD TO DROP OUT OF COLLEGE AS HE WAS UNABLE TO GET THROUGH HIS

COLLEGE EXAMINATIONS.

WITH NO JOB AND COMING FROM A POOR FAMILY, LIFE WAS TOUGH FOR HIM AND HE HAD

TO SEEK THE HELP OF FRIENDS TO SUPPORT HIMSELF WHILE HE WORKED ON HIS

MATHEMATICAL DISCOVERIES AND TRIED TO GET IT NOTICED FROM ACCOMPLISHED

MATHEMATICIANS.

HE WROTE A LETTER TO G.H. HARDY CONTAINING 120 THEOREMS WHICH

BROUGHT HIM TO LONDON.

HE WAS THE FIRST INDIAN MATHEMATICIAN TO BE SELECTED IN THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

HE WAS THE SECOND INDIAN TO BE THE MEMBER OF ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON AFTER

CURSETJEE

UNFORTUNATELY THIS GREAT

MATHEMATICIAN AND FRIEND OF

NUMBERS DIED ON APRIL 26TH 1920 .

AT CHETPUT IN CHENNAI DUE TO

TUBERCULOSIS AT THE AGE OF 32.

BY: ADNAN ALI KHAN &

MUAAZ FAIYAZUDDIN

IX ‘A’

OF

K.V.N.H.S