Status, Priorities and Needs for Sustainable Soil Management in South Africa, Liesl Wiese - ARC NRL

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L h W k h f th GSPLaunch Workshop for the GSP:Eastern and Southern Africa

25‐27 March 2013Jacaranda Hotel Nairobi Kenya

Status, Priorities and Needs

Jacaranda Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

Status, Priorities and Needs for Sustainable Soil 

Management in South Africa

Liesl Wiese26 March 2013

Population = 50.6 millionArea = 122.3 mil ha

2012: 32% SA children hungry/

at risk of hunger

17.70% Potentially arable (16.8 mil ha)Grazing (83.9 mil ha)Non‐agricultural use (21 6 mil ha)

13.70%68.60%

Non agricultural use  (21.6 mil ha)

• Low agricultural potential• Only 3% is high potential• Cultivated ‐ 12.75 mil ha 

(10.4%)• (Irrigated ‐ 1.35 mil ha) (1.1%)

17.70%Diverse natural resources

Li i d i l f13.70%

68.60%

Limited potential for intensive agriculture

Soils: Diverse, 81% slightly weathered

Potentially arable (16.8 mil ha)Grazing (83 9 mil ha)

30% sandy soils 

D l i t tGrazing (83.9 mil ha)Non‐agricultural use  (21.6 mil ha)

Dual agrarian structure

1. Commercial farmers 

2. Small scale farmers

Land Type Survey1:250 000

Soil Degradation             in SAg

Soil Degradation             in SAg• 3 recent studies (2009‐2011)

– Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands

– Soil Protection Strategy (SPS)

– Erosion modeling• Predicted soil loss rate for SA = 12.6t/ha.yr‐1

Soil Physical Problems         

Sealing

ReducedReduced water holding 

capacitycapacity

Increased water run‐off CompactionCrusting water run off CompactionCrusting

    Soil Chemical Challenges       g

Under fertilization Over fertilizationUnder fertilization

Acidic soils

Over fertilization

Loss of SOM

Rainfall Distribution Topsoil C DistributionNatural Soil Acidity 

Conservation Agriculture

Current Government InitiativesA i l l M d

Agriculture, 

Agricultural Mandate

g ,Forestry and 

Fisheries (DAFF)Environmental RuralEnvironmental Affairs (DEA)

• Working For

Rural Development and Land 

Reform (DRDLR)

• National LandCareProgramme

• Comprehensive• Working For Wetlands

Reform (DRDLR)

• Comprehensive Rural Development P (CRDP)

• Comprehensive Agricultural Support Programme (CASP)

• Mechanization Programme (CRDP)Programme

Challenges

• Political willP l i d i l i• Proper planning and implementation

• Incentives• Mining – no soils to manage… • Youth interest• Improved data bases • Long term monitoring of impactsg g p• Consistency• Dual agrarian systemDual agrarian system

Communal/Subsistence

Commercial

Priorities

• Increased awareness

• Improved capacity 

• Improved data basesp

• Increased inter‐institutional cooperation

• Incentives affordable and effective• Incentives – affordable and effective

• Turning data into information ‐ Decision kmakers 

Soil Survey Journal

• http://sosj.journals.ac.za/pub

• Publication is free

• Seeking soil survey reports ‐ detailedg y p

Thank you!Thank you!

• FAO • Lehman Lindeque (DAFF)

• Hein Lindeman (DAFF)• Robin Barnard (ARC‐ISCW)

• Danie Beukes (ARC‐ISCW)

Hein indeman ( AFF)

• Anneliza Collett (DAFF)

• Nic Olivier (Inkqubela)• Jay le Roux (ARC‐ISCW)

• Hendrik Smith (ARC‐ISCW)

Nic Olivier (Inkqubela)

( )

• Dave Turner (ARC‐ISCW)

• Mara de Villiers (ARC‐ISCWMara de Villiers (ARC ISCW

• Garry Paterson (ARC‐ISCW)