Post on 14-Jan-2016
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Meeting the challenge of diversity with TBLT:
Connecting speaking and writing in mainstream classrooms
Stefania Ferrari, Elena Nuzzo
Università di Verona
Meeting the challenge
Mainstream classroom (L1-L2)
Different levels of language proficiency
Common standards
TBLT
From oral retelling to written narrative production
TASK
“The mysterious movie”
- oral retelling
- written narrative
Subjects
Analysis
QuantitativeCAF measures- Complexity- Accuracy
Qualitative- Syntactic features- Textual features
Quantitative measures
CAF complexity
- word/clauses
- dependent clauses/AS-unit or T-unit
CAF accuracy
- % accurate dependent clauses/dependent clauses
Qualitative analysis
- variety of dependent clauses
- cohesive devices- connectors - anaphors
Results
Quantitative analysis
Complexity
Accuracy
Results
Qualitative analysis
Andrej: Variety of dependent clauses
oral written
adverbials causal (perché) 1 0
temporal (quando) 1 1
temporal (mentre) 0 1
temporal (dopo + inf) 1 0
final (per + infinitive) 1 1
relatives che (subj and obj) 1 2
dove 0 1
If we look at how the same events are reported in the oral and in the written versions, there seem to be no important differences in terms of variety of dependent clauses.
Andrej: Textuality
Qualitatively, no significant differences in the use of:
•connectors•anaphors
The written version seems the transcription of the oral retelling.
OP: … andò fuori vide una donna con i bottoni e cominciò a inseguirla… la donna vide un poliziotto e raccontò tutto e il poliziotto cominciò a rincorrerlo Charlie Chaplin tornò dentro la fabbrica…
… he went out he saw a woman with buttons and he started to follow her… the woman saw a policeman and told everything and the policeman started to run after him Charlie Chaplin went back into the factory…
WP: … andò fuori vide una donna che aveva i bottoni e la inseguì… la donna si fermò vicino a un poliziotto e gli raccontò quello che Charlie faceva. Il poliziotto lo inseguì. Charlie scappò dentro la fabbrica.
… he went out he saw a woman who had buttons and he followed her… the woman stopped next to a policeman and told him what Charlie was doing. The policeman run after him. Charlie run into the factory.
Andrej: Textuality
Ivan: Variety of dependent clausesoral written
adverbials causal (perché) 1 0
temporal (quando) 4 1 (2)
temporal (dopo che) 0 (1)
hyp. comparative (come se + subj) (1) (1)
final (per + infinitive) 0 (1)
argumentatives subject 2 (2) 0
object 2 (2) 3 (1)
relatives che (subj and obj) 3 (1) 2
dove 2 1
da dove 0 (1)
In brackets numbers of non standard realizations
If we look at how the same events are reported in the oral and in the written versions, there seem to be no important differences in terms of variety of dependent clauses.
Ivan: Textuality
One important difference between oral and written productions involves cohesive devices, and in particular the number and variety of connectors.
OP: 4 occurrences of one single connector, poi (then)
WP: 2 occurrences of poi2 occurrences of in seguito (later on)1 occurrence of dopo (afterwards)1 occurrence of dopodiché (after that)1 occurrence of dopo di questo (after that)1 occurrence of a un certo punto (at a certain moment)1 occurrence of alla fine (eventually)
As a result, the written retelling appears more accurately planned, as we in fact would expect from a written narration.
Andrea: Variety of dependent clauses
oral written
adverbials causal (perché) 1 1
modal (gerundive) 0 1
argumentatives object 0 1
relatives che (subj and obj) 2 3 (1)
In brackets numbers of non standard realizations
If we look at how the same events are reported in the oral and in the written versions, we find a wider variety and a higher number of subtypes of dependent clauses in the written version.
Andrea: Textuality
One important difference between oral and written versions involves cohesive devices, and in particular connectors.
OP: no connectors
WP: 1 occurrence of poi (then)1 occurrence of dopo (afterwards)1 occurrence of successivamente (later)2 occurrences of allora (then)
Another important difference: In the written versions the use of nominal and pronominal anaphors is clearer and more precise:
OP: ruba un portafoglio a un altro signore un altro signore lo vede però lui lo mette in una tasca la mette nella tasca di charlie chaplin (he) steals a wallet from another gentleman another gentleman sees him but he puts it in a pocket puts it (fem.) in the pocket of charlie chaplin
WP: aveva rubato ad un signore il portafoglio, ma un polizziotto lo vide e lo inseguì, allora il malfattore mise il portafoglio nella tasca del protagonista he had stolen from a gentleman his wallet but a policeman saw him and chased him, then the wrongdoer put the wallet in the pocket of the protagonist
Andrea: Textuality
Matteo: Variety of dependent clauses
oral written
adverbials causal (perché) 0 0
causal (gerundive) 0 1
temporal (quando) 0 1
temporal (mentre) 0 1
temporale (gerundive) 0 1
final (per + infinitive) 1 (1) 0
argumentatives object 0 1
relatives che (subj and obj) 4 0
Quantitatively, higher number of dependent clauses in OP, but…
If we look at how the same events are reported in the oral and in the written versions, we find a wider variety of dependent clauses in the written version.
In brackets numbers of non standard realizations
Matteo: Variety of dependent clauses
OP: il mattino seguente l'uomo che ha accettato il lavoro si reca per fare colazione e incontra una ragazza che è molto affamata la ragazza prende il cibo
The morning after the man who accepted the job goes for breakfast and meets a girl who is very hungry the girl takes the food
WP: Il mattino seguente mentre charlie si stava preparando la colazione una signorina molto affamata vide il cibo e ne prese un pezzo
The morning after while Charlie was preparing his breakfast a very hungry young lady saw the food and took some
Matteo: Textuality Some differences in cohesive devices, and in particular connectors:
OP: 1 occurrence of il mattino seguente (the following morning)1 occurrence of poi (then)
WP: 1 occurrence of il mattino seguente (the following morning)1 occurrence of a un certo punto (at a certain moment)1 occurrence of perciò (therefore)1 occurrence of così (so)
Summary of results
Quantitative analysis
in complexity:- NSs tend to be more complex in WP than OP, producing longer
clauses and more complex T-unit- NNSs show less important differences between WP and OP, with
WP resulting in general slightly more complex in terms of amount of dependent clauses
in accuracy:- NSs show mixed results, with some students more accurate in
OP and some students more accurate in WP- NNSs are more accurate in oral production
Summary of results
Qualitative analysis
variety of dependent clauses: - NSs use a wider variety in WP- NNSs do not show any difference
textuality:- Both NSs and NNSs use a wider range of connectors and
more precise and/or elegant anaphors
Thank you!