Post on 07-Apr-2018
transcript
Stewardship for HT-Varieties practical experiences and future considerations
May 2014 – EWRS workshop Frankfurt/Main
Matthias Pfenning
Outline
Stewardship for HT-Varieties
Value pyramid – example HT sunflower
Advantages of HT-Varieties for the weed management
Key sustainability problems
Situation analysis (example HT sunflower)
HT-Management plan (in the crop rotation)
Examples sunflower and rice
Stewardship - Key elements
Summary and outlook
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HT – Stewardship?
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Stewardship – only some kind of “pain in the neck” for industry, seed co’s, distribution and farmers?
…..and it
causes only confusion in the market!?
….or the only way to sustain the value of HT-
varieties
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Growers have rapidly adopted herbicide tolerant sunflowers (HT-sunflower) crops since commercialization almost a decade ago. In 2012, HT-sunflower area reached more then 1/3 of approximately 15 million hectares of sunflower planted in Europe. Such rapid adoption of the new herbicide-tolerance technology suggests that growers perceive significant benefits. Herbicide-tolerant sunflower have generated substantial value to all stakeholders in the value chain including farmers, distributors, seed breeders, crop protection industry and oil-mills. Not all the value of HT-sunflower crops is monetary. Besides cost savings and/or yield enhancement, important sources of value also include non-pecuniary factors such as the simplification of weed control, greater flexibility in weed control, and ease of integration into conservation tillage.
Advantages for Weed Management
New herbicide options for weed management problems in crops with a
lack of suitable solutions
Complementary / alternative activity for genetic tolerance on parasitic
weed problems
Reduced crop loss / impact from herbicide residues
Better fit in IPM programs due to postemergence application
Lower dose rates and better environmental safety than other herbicides
Higher application flexibility
Better fit for minimum / no-till situations
Less depending on moisture (soil) conditions
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Value pyramid – HT sunflower
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Yield, Quality
Post-emergence
Simplification of weed control, timing flexibility,
conservation tillage
Difficult weeds, e.g. Xanthium, Orobanche, Ambrosia, Cirsium,
Convolvulus,
Key sustainability issues
Herbicide resistance management
Control of herbicide tolerant volunteers
Avoidance of tolerance outcrossing
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The following key sustainability topics form the basis of a HT – Variety
Stewardship Plan.
Situation Analysis – HT sunflower (example)
Two HT – sunflower systems in different markets available
Both are based on ALS – inhibitors (imazamox, tribenuron)
ALS – mode of action (MOA) is highly vulnerable to resistance development.
Crop rotation
Short crop rotations in some areas is common practice - sunflower // w-wheat
// sunflower)
Specific areas also only with continues spring crops e.g. sunflower // soybean
and/or corn // spring wheat // sunflower
Wild sunflower (related species)
HT- sunflower systems are often used to control wild sunflower (e.g. France).
However – accompanying measures are missing (field boarders, neighboring
fields or in field failures) are not sufficiently controlled to avoid outcrossing
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Situation Analysis – continue
Weed control and Herbicide use
ALS inhibitor use in every crop (sunflower, wheat, corn etc.)
Often – solely ALS inhibitors with related problems of volunteer control
Often no intercropping weed control (mechanical / glyphosate)
Sustainability and value of the HTC crops
If there is no resistance on the major weeds
Xanthium, Ambrosia, Datura, cruciferae, Orobanche, wild rice, wild sunflower….
Stewardship implementation
Insufficient knowledge about weed resistance on farmer level
Farmers are adverse to stewardship programs due to short economical impacts or
higher complexity
No proactive stewardship implementation - distribution and knowledge transfer by
conventional media e.g. product / seed bag label / brochures are insufficient
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Stewardship is not a “in-crop” activity only
Stewardship is a “crop rotation” management and addresses:
herbicide resistance / weed shifts related to HT-varieties
As well as
occurrence of herbicide tolerant volunteers
Based on
guidelines for rotation of crops and chemicals
Outcrossing to related wild relatives
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HT- Management Plan
Different stakeholders in the HT
management plan
Industry, seed companies,
distribution / advisors and the
farmers in a partnership for the
HT-system
Resistance risk in a HTC crop rotation – Crop rotation analysis
Year 3 Year 2 Year 1
Crop Rotation
Application periode
Herbicide Program
examples
high risk - situation
Pulsar®40 or Express®
(HRAC group "B")
HTC Sunflower (n)
Spring time
Inter-cropping
no - tillage
Promote the
emergence of
weeds
ALS herbicide
HRAC Group "B"
only
Spring
Campagne (n + 1) Spring Wheat Inter-cropping
no-tillage
Promote the
emergence of
weeds
Campagne (n + 2)
HTC-Sunflower
Spring
Pulsar®40 or Express®
(HRAC group "B")
Example of current weed control program in a HTC (Express or Clearfield) Sunflower - crop rotation - HIGH resistance risk
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Resistance risk in a HTC crop rotation – Crop rotation analysis
Year 3 Year 2 Year 1
Crop Rotation
Application periode
Herbicide Program
examples
medium to low risk - situation
HTC Sunflower (n)
Spring time
Pre-emergence
herbicide fb. Pulsar®40
or Express®
(HRAC group "B")
Example of current weed control program in a HTC (Express or Clearfield) Sunflower - crop rotation - HIGH resistance risk
Inter-cropping
seed bed
preaparation Autum Spring
Promote the
emergence of
weeds -
Glyphosate as
stubble
treatment
Soil residual
herbicde HRAC
Group "K1"
and/or ->
Phenoxy
herbicide
HRAC Group "O"
Campagne (n + 1) Winter Wheat Inter-cropping
seed bed
preaparation
Promote the
emergence of
weeds -
Glyphosate as
stubble
treatment
Soil residual herbicide
(HRAC Group "K3")
+ HPPD herbicide
(HRAC Group "F4")
Campagne (n + 2)
Corn
Spring
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Clearfield® Production System
Crop Rotation Recommendations
Crop rotation recommendations with Clearfield crops
HT Sunflowers and HT oilseed rape not in the same crop
- Clearfield OSR cannot be effectively controlled in all sunflower systems
Sugar beets and oilseed rape
- oilseed rape (conv. & HT) is a problem weed in sugar beets and therefore
should be avoided in the same field rotations
Rice – alternation with conventional rice – no continues HT rice
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Controlling Clearfield Volunteers
Best Management Practice is to control volunteer plants in the following crop.
Promote germination of the volunteer seeds on the soil surface and avoid the
accumulation of seeds in the soil (secondary dormancy).
ALS inhibitor herbicides (Group B) will not exhibit in any case complete control of
CLEARFIELD volunteers. All other approved herbicide from other HRAC groups
may still be used and will be effective.
Clean up of farm equipment during all stages of sowing, harvesting, storage and
transport are important in the effective control of volunteers and in preventing seed
dispersal.
Best Management Practice is to make volunteer control part of weed, pest and
disease management strategies.
Clearfield sunflower
Practical examples and problems
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Stewardship Recommendation:
a.) HT tolerant OSR and sunflower
should not be grown in the same crop
rotation.
Stewardship Recommendation:
b.) Avoid fields with a high pressure of
wild sunflowers. Control survived wild
sunflower by mechanical means
Stewardship Recommendation:
c.) Solely ALS inhibitor not more
than 2 out of 4 years
… the reality in sunflower rotations
sunflower // OSR rotations (both are HT)
sunflower // sunflower // corn / soybean rotations based on ALS inhibitors
sunflower // wheat rotations solely based on ALS inhibitors
continuous ALS use in certain regions
No follow up (mechanically / fence-line /neighboring fields ) in wild
sunflower areas
These problems occur mostly in larger farms, where agronomical
knowledge is overruled by economical interests of the owner
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Clearfield rice
Practical examples and problems
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Stewardship Recommendation (excerpt):
1) Use certified seed every year
2) Start clean
3) apply residual Herbicides (oxadiazon) in pre sowing (water seeded
rice) or in pre emergence in dry seeded rice
4) Always use two sequential application of Beyond + Dash
5) Scout the field after the treatment to check if there untreated spots
repeat treatment if necessary
6) remove all red rice plants eventually escaped before flowering.
7) Never plant Clearfield rice in consecutive growing season in the same
field.
8) maintain dams (leeves), canals etc clean of weeds especially red rice
… the reality in rice rotations
wild rice seeds up to 5 seeds / 500 g officially allowed in certified seed
brown bagging (no certified seeds)
continues rice growing and continues ALS use
No alternation with other wild rice control methods (e.g. stale seed beds)
Borders / levees are not kept weed free
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Information flow Call center
Hotline
Webpage
Education and training
Best management guides
Volunteer management Chemically
Non chemically
Seed dispersal
Sec. dormancy
Proactive Communication Users
Non-Users
Multipliers
Distribution and Seed co’s
Resistant Management Herbicide Rotation
Combinations
Integrated Management
Resistance Monitoring
Key elements of CLEARFIELD®
Stewardship
Seed Co’s Communication alignment
Trainings
Hybrid qualification
Seed purity
Product related Resistance monitoring
Application timing
Dose recommendation
Out-crossing To conv. crops
Wild relatives
Impact on or from non-users neighboring fields
Effective stewardship implementation requires attention, technical know-how, adequate resources at local (decision maker) level
System related Claim management
Webpage
Education and training
Summary and outlook
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Farmers are often adverse to implement a proactive weed management
program to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Short term
economic return and the difficulty to predict the exact costs if herbicide
resistance were to evolve can affect the grower’s decision to adopt integrated
weed management (IWM) practices (Rotteveel et al. 1997; Llewellyn et al.
2002).
Stewardship information transfer is based on conventional tools like:
Label information (chemical and seed)
Web pages
Brochures
Farmer meetings (limited)
Summary
Currently no pro-active stewardship implementation
Insufficient knowledge about weed resistance on farmer level
Short term economical interest – overrule common agricultural knowledge
Proactive communication formats, e.g. web based learning tools, field day
communication, target-oriented fact sheets in email/fax/sms form.
Risk rating tools for direct communication to the end user.
Contractual compliance with the end-user?
Reinforce the importance of IPM approaches when using HT crops to
ensure profitable and sustainable farming practices.
Educational efforts have to be improved (resistance management)
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HT Charter / Stewardship
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Charter
EU wide agreement
Across industry (ECPA , ESA, etc)
Applies across crops
Stewardship Plan
Complies with charter principles
Country and crop specific
Technology specific
… and outlook
Farmers see HT varieties as a tool in their toolbox and do not sole rely on the
same technology (MOA based)
HT-Variety advantages can be sustained mid and long term if basic IPM rules are
followed.
Aligned education efforts are increased on a broad level by all involved
stakeholders – industry, breeders, distribution and official / private agronomists
and advisors.
EU charter defines the principles for the future stewardship management for HT
varieties
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Thank you
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