Post on 05-Jun-2018
transcript
Thomas W. Peterson
Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor
University of California, Merced
17 October, 2013 – CESAER Conference RTWH Aachen
Stimulating Innovation
and Entrepreneurship
in US Universities
Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I & E)
Why So Much Interest?
• Economic Drivers
• Political Drivers
• Investment Drivers
• Workforce Drivers
What is the USA Doing?
• Federal Funding for I&E
• One Agency’s Approach
• Success Stories
– Bridging Research and Entrepreneurship
– Educating Engineers for Entrepreneurship
Tech Trade Balance in
growing deficit
Innovation for Growth From the President’s Innovation Agenda 2009
Basic Research
Translational Research
Solving Grand Challenge Problems
What are The Challenges? What is Needed to Address those Challenges?
THE CHALLENGES
• Workforce
• Research Investment
• Academic Culture, other…
THE NEEDS
• A talented workforce
• Good ideas
• Mechanisms to facilitate Innovation
Challenges Relating to
Workforce
• Diminished Interest in engineering
• Attracting a diverse population to the field
• Global Competitiveness
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Percentage BS Degrees to Hispanics
Engineering
Chemical
Immigrants helped BUILD this Country
Federal R&D Funding
Courtesy Pat Clemins, AAAS, Presentation
to Congress 2011
Courtesy Pat Clemins, AAAS, Presentation
to Congress 2011
Courtesy Pat Clemins, AAAS, Presentation
to Congress 2011
Courtesy Pat Clemins, AAAS, Presentation
to Congress 2011
How One Agency Responds: National Science Foundation
• Annual Budget approximately $7B
• Research and Education Support for Science and Engineering (S&E)
• Seven Directorates covering all fields in S&E
• The Engineering Directorate (ENG) annual budget about $800M
The Opportunity
What can one do with one one-
hundredth of one percent (0.01%)
of the federal budget?*
*NSF ENG Investment in Innovation
The NSF Portfolio: Has it Helped?
• What Investments have been made?
• What are the results from Basic Research?
• How has Translational Research contributed?
• Has it led to innovation (i.e., product or process of economic value)?
NSF Support for Basic and
Translational Research • Single Investigator Research Awards
• Emerging Frontiers of Research and Innovation (EFRI)
• Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams (NIRT)
• Science and Technology Centers (STC)
• Engineering Research Centers (ERC)
• Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)
• Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRC)
• Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC)
• Partnerships for Innovation (PFI)
• Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI)
• Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)
• Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Single PIs and Small Groups
Programs Supporting Business Partnerships
Multiple PI and Multi-Institution Centers
NSF’s Centers Foster
Innovation NSF supports more than 100 centers in seven interdisciplinary program areas that facilitate innovation.
Center for Biophotonics Center for Behavioral Neuroscience
NSF’s FY 2013 Engineering Research Centers: Lead institutions
NSF ERCs, 1985-2013
NSF Investments have led to
Significant Commercial
Products
DISCLAIMER:
• NSF doesn’t claim SOLE responsibility for
these successes, but
• NSF played a clear and definable role in
the intellectual evolution of all these
innovations.
SBIR Support of Qualcomm
• In 1985, Andrew Viterbi and 6 colleagues formed “QUALity COMMunications”
• In 1987–1988 SBIR provided $265,000 for single chip implementation of Viterbi decoder
– Led to high-speed data transmission via wireless and satellite
• Now the $78B company holds more than 10,100 U.S. patents, licensed to more than 165 companies
The Ubiquitous Bar Code
In the 1970s, research led to improvements in the accuracy of scanners
More recently, advanced algorithms have been developed for bar code readers
DNA Evidence
• Forensic DNA analysis is key to our legal
system
• Basic biological research
led to the PCR technique,
making DNA fingerprinting
possible
Memory Storage
• Engineering Research Center at Carnegie
Mellon
• Nickel aluminum underlayer enables high-
capacity memory storage
– Laptops
– MP3 players
– Consumer electronics
Internet Search Engines
• In the 1990s, NSF funded Stanford University
Professor Hector Garcia-Molina’s “Digital Library
Project”
• Garcia-Molina’s grad student, Larry Page,
developed a new search engine that reflected
linking among web pages
Retinal Implants
• NSF-supported researchers are creating retinal
prostheses to electronically capture and transmit
images to the brain
• Implanted prostheses
permit patients to see
light and shapes
Credit: Intraocular Prosthesis Group at Johns Hopkins Univ. and North Carolina State Univ.; illustration by Jerry Lim
Affordable, Effective
Medicines
• NSF–funded researchers
engineered yeast cells
to produce the
anti-malarial drug
artemisinin
• Cell production has been
scaled up, and drug
production began
in 2010
The leaves of Artemisia annua, the sweet wormwood tree, are the source of artemisinin. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• STC for Magnetic Resonance Technology for Basic Biological Research at UIUC established in 1991
• PI Paul Lauterbur discovered the possibility of creating a two-dimensional image by producing variations in a magnetic field
Lauterbur was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2003 for discoveries leading to magnetic resonance
imaging.
Nanopatterning and
Detection Technologies
• Chad Mirkin, Northwestern Univ.
• NSEC for Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection Technologies (0647560)
• Mirkin holds more than 350 patents
• NanoInk (founded in 2001) offers Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) tools for fabricating MEMS and other nanoscale devices.
• Nanosphere (founded in 2000) offers nanotechnology-based molecular diagnostic testing.
Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanofabrication. Credit: NanoInk
Bridging Research with Entrepreneurship
• Team Composition:
– Entrepreneurial Lead: Post-doc or Student to move it forward
– I-Corps Mentor: Domain-relevant volunteer guide
– PI: Researcher with current or previous award
• Program Outcomes
– Functioning network of Mentors/Advisors
– Scientist and Engineers trained as Entrepreneurs
– Increased impact of NSF-funded basic research
Credit: © 2011 JupiterImages Corp.
•30 Hours of Curriculum •$50,000 per award • F&A $5,000 maximum • 25 awards in FY2011 • 100 awards in FY2012 •100+ awards in FY2013
University
Small Business
Investors
Industry
ENG
ove
rall
NSF
ove
rall
GO
ALI
I /U
CR
C
PFI
ERC
The Innovation Corps Space
SBIR
STC
Res
ou
rces
Inve
sted
Discovery Development Commercialization
Foundations
NSF Innovation Investments
AIR
Translational Research
STTR
NSF I-Corps Program
Distribution of I-Corps Teams 2011-Summer 2013 (N=236)
I-Corps Examples
Where are they now?
• GroundFluor Pharma: 1st I-Corps Cohort • Radiological Medical Imaging • Company Formed
– I-Corps mentor-turned CEO – I-Corps EL-turned First Employee – I-Corps PI-turned head of Scientific Board
• IP Licensed from University • Raised over $250,000 • Collaborations with leading Research Hospitals • Several Products in the pipeline • Early discussions with Big Pharma
Where are the now?
• Neon Lab: 2nd I-Corps Cohort • Neuroscience applied to online image processing • Company Formed
– I-Corps EL-turned CEO – I-Corps PI-turned Scientific Board Advisor – + 5 employees
• IP Licensed from Several Institutions • Edison Prize Innovation ‘13 Award Winner • Raised over $800,000 • Product Launched
The Lean LaunchPad
The “Business Plan” vs. “Lean LaunchPad”
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
“Get out of the Building”
Educating Engineers for Entrepreneurship
GOAL: To develop and nurture the Innovation and Entrepreneurship (I&E) skills of undergraduate engineering students nationwide.
The Challenge
• CONTENT: Lack of Effective and Accessible I&E content for engineering students.
• COMPETENCE: Inadequate faculty and student training to develop strong I&E curricular offerings
• DISSEMINATION: No national community (universities and industry) devoted to integration of I&E into engineering curriculum
Engineering E-Ship Initiatives:
1997
SOURCE: National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance NCIIA Proposal Guidelines: http://nciia.org/grants/courseandprogram/guidelines
Engineering E-Ship Initiatives:
2013
The Georgia Tech VentureLab
• Teams run the “Startup Gauntlet”
• The GIT version of Steve Blank’s ‘Customer Discovery’ Process
• Six-week Intensive Program
U. Michigan Center for Entrepreneurship
• Offers Statewide I-Corps Program
• Partnership among Michigan Universities, Michigan SmartZones, VC community and NSF
High Profile Entrepreneurship Programs in the US
Survey of undergraduate colleges and graduate business schools in Spring 2013, looking at:
• Commitment to entrepreneurship, both inside and outside the classroom;
• Percentage of faculty, students, and alumni actively and successfully involved in entrepreneurial endeavors;
• Extent of mentorship programs; • Scholarships and grants for entrepreneurial
studies and projects; and • support for business plan competitions.
Summary
• Key Elements in an Innovation Ecosystem
– Basic Research
– Translational Research
– Education of Engineers in Entrepreneurship
• E-ship Education best integrated into undergraduate Engineering curriculum
• I&E national network an efficient approach
Useful Sites
• Engineering Research Centers – http://www.erc-assoc.org/
• Innovation Corps – www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/i-corps/program.jsp – www.cfe.umich.edu/innovation-corps – venturelab.gatech.edu/nsf-innovation-corps/ – nciia.org/i-corps
• Lean LaunchPad – https://launchpadcentral.com/ – http://steveblank.com/
• EpiCenter – http://epicenter.stanford.edu/
• NCIIA – nciia.org/
• High Profile Entrepreneurship Programs – http://www.entrepreneur.com/colleges/