SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES: RECENT ELECTRIC UTILITY EXPERIENCE

2010

2011

TIME HISTORIES

(Chopra/Hudson)

M4.5

M6.2

M6.5

M6.7

M7.1

M7.8

M8.1

M7.1

M6.2

M6.3

M5.2

M6.6

M5.8

M4.1

Chile M8.8 February 27, 2010

Great Historic Earthquakes in Chile

1575 Valdivia 8.51730 Valparaiso 8.71751 Concepción 8.51835 Concepción 8.51868 Arica 9.01906 Valparaíso 8.21922 Vallenar 8.51943 Coquimbo 8.21960 Valdivia 9.51985 Santiago 8.01995 Antofagasta 8.0

2010 Maule 8.8

SUBSTATION CONTROL HOUSESNONSTRUCTURAL ISSUES

FLEXIBLE BUS SUBSTATION

RIGID BUS SUBSTATION

DAMAGE SUMMARYEquipment 500 kV 220 kV 154 kV 110 kV 66 kV StationTransformer Bushings 9 20Transformers Internal 4Buchholz Relay fitting 4 1Air Blast Cir. Breaker 1 1 2Candlestick Circuit Breaker 1 2 4SF6 Live-Tank Circuit Breaker 4 1Surge Arrester 2 2 1Potential Transformer 2 1 1Current Transformer 3Pantograph DCS 7 1Rigid Bus on Frame 3 sitesBus Support Str. - tilt 2Disconnect Switch 1Control Room Ceiling 2

SUBSTATION SITES MOSTLIKEY EXPERIENCED APPROX. 0.3G MAXIMUM

TRANSFORMER

BUSHING

Transelec

SURGE ARRESTER

500 kV Live Tank Circuit Breaker

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

Transelec

RIVERCROSSING TOWERS

Foundation Failure

Japan M9.0 EarthquakeMarch 11, 2011

ACCELERATION TIME HISTORY

Hydro Power Plants (209) 10 2 7Thermal Power Plants (8) 4Nuclear Power Plants (2) 1

SUBSTATIONS (612, 500-275-154kV) 57 19 4 • Transformers 70 15 1• Circuit Breakers 197 15 1• Disconnect Sw’s and other Equip. 179 0 2

TRANSMISSION LINES 105 12 15• Towers 42• Insulators 22 5 5• Underground lines 14

DISTRIBUTION• Poles 23,649 6,411 566• Lines 23,543 11,517 1,084• Transformers 7,114 2,183 121

FACILITIES (TOHOKU ELECTRIC) 3/11 4/7 4/11 & 12

HIGH VOLTAGE SUBSTATIONS

BRIDGES April 2011

POWER TRANSFORMER FAILURES: Significant issue for transmission line system

Reported FailuresM9 M7.2 M7.1/M6.3

(3/11/11) (4/7/11) (4/11-12/11)

47Shaking 15Shaking 1Shaking

23Tsunami

The End