Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Subject: Il-Khannids, the Subject Khan
Geography
South/East Mongol Lands
Iraq, Western Arabia, Iran,
Persia
Christian lands to the East & Muslim Lands to the West
Hulagu• Kulabi’s brother• “Subject” to Great Khan
Leader of the Il-Khannids
• What did Chiniggis do to Persia?• Rebuilt after Mongol devastation
Recognized the need for thriving Cities
• Food – established agricultureCities need _____ to survive?
• Wife was Christian• Supported Christian Regimes in EuropeReligion
Hulagu established capital in Tabriz
Commishened art and imported astrology from Yuan
Yassa – Religious toleration
Military prestige
Il-Khan Legitimacy
Mamluks Egyptian Muslims
Defeated Hulagu in Palestine
Golden Horde
Berke = Islamic / Hulagu = Christian
Geo-political constraints
Chagatai Encroachment from the East
Golden Horde/Chagatai alliance
Politics: Enemies
Siege of Baghdad
Religion of Baghdad Islamic Hulagu = Christian/Buddhist
Caliph = Muslim ruler
Army was led by
________Guo Kan (Han) Allies with Great Khan of the
Yuan Dynasty
Flooded city The Tigris river ran black with ink
Death count from 200,000 to 1,000,000
Legacy Baghdad was a ruined, depopulated city for centuries Syrian surrender
Politics: Alliances
Europeans
Mutual desire to destroy
Islam
Began seeing Mongol’s as allies near
1260
Yuan Dynasty
Kublai & Hulagu = Brothers
“Subject Khan” to Kublai
Syrians
Recognized Destruction of
Baghdad
Did not want to be
destroyed themselves
European Connection• Chinese/Italian Trade• Chinese Influence over artTabriz
• United against Mamluks• Mongols protected Christian VassalsCrusades
• Italian’s wore Mongol military dress• Mongol lettering can be found in
ItalyTextile/Script
Converted to Islam
Although converted to Islam, Ghazan continued battles with….
Allowed the “Yassa” Mongol code
Destroyed churches
Married a woman sent by Kublai Khan
and escorted by Marco Polo
Mamluks in Egypt
Religious tolerance
Gave tax exempt status to Christians
Hulagu Ghazan
Post-Ghazan: Failures
Economics
• Focus on military resulted in lowered trade• Decentralized
Mismanagement• Allowed horses to graze on crops
Government
• Increased taxes• Fractionalism
Religion
• Hostility to Islam• Notably: Despite converion, continued fueds with
Muslims