Technical Writing &Communication Skills

PGS-502

Submitted To: Submitted By:Dr. Vandana Kaushik M. Sc. Students:Prof. FRM Deptt. FRM Deptt.

THESIS

A thesis is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author’s research and findings.

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

CHAPTERS IN THESIS

SUMMARY

“Summary of findings is the last part of the thesis or dissertation. It is where the findings or the result of the thesis study is written”

CHARACTERISTICS

1. Summary of findings should be a short statement such as the main purpose of the study, the population or respondents, period of the study, method of research used, research instrument and sampling design.

CHARACTERISTICS

2. Findings should be written in textual generalization, that is, a summary of the important data consisting of text and numbers.

CHARACTERISTICS

3. Only important findings should be included in the summary

CHARACTERISTICS

4. No new information or data should be included in the summary of findings.

CHARACTERISTICS

5. Findings should be stated concisely, not explained or elaborated anymore.

Steps for writing Summary

Keep all the important point and evidences in front of your eyes

cluster the main idea of the whole piece and the main evidence for each idea.

REMEMBER

• Do not rewrite the original piece. • Keep your summary short. • Use your own wording. • Refer to the central and main ideas of the

original piece. • Read with who, what, when, where, why and

how questions in mind. • Do not put in your opinion of the issue or topic

discussed in the original piece.

CONCLUSION

“conclusion is typically created at the end of the writing process. The conclusion of a research thesis reaffirms the thesis statement, discusses the issues, and reaches a final judgment. The conclusion is not a summary; it is a belief based on your reasoning and on the evidence you have accumulated. This is the place to share with readers the conclusions you have reached because of your research.”

Purpose of Conclusion

1. Tie together, integrate and synthesize the various issues raised in the discussion sections, whilst reflecting the introductory thesis statement (s) or objectives.

2. To provide answers to the thesis research questions.

3. Identify the theoretical and policy implications of the study with respect to the overall study area.

4. Highlights the study limitations

5. Provide direction and areas for future research

CHARACTERISTICS

1. It doesn’t contain numerals.

2. It focus on the meaning/ essence of the study.

3. It is explicit and definite, leaving merely giving implied giving the researcher a bit of doubt (qualifiers such as probably, may be, perhaps should be avoided).

It includes

Recommendation Limitation Implications

RECOMMENDATION

Research often exposes further problems and introduces more questions. As a student, there is a time limit to your research project, so it is unlikely that your work would have solved all the problems associated with the area of study

Characteristics of The Recommendations

• based upon the findings and conclusions.• feasible, practical, and attainable.• action-oriented (recommend action to remedy or

unfavorable condition discovered)• limited only to the subject of the study but

recommend further research on the same subject.

LIMITATION

In the case of an empirical research it is important to identify the various limitations which were encountered during the sampling, lab work, data collection and analysis stages of the research or project. However, the limitation should end on a positive note to show how they worked together to provide focus and strengthen the empirical results.

IMPLICATIONS

An author should also focus in the future implications of the study. How the work can be beneficial for upcoming researchers.

THANK YOU