SUMMER CLASS

APRIL 15, 2011

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY• is the study and

ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

• the term educational technology is often associated with, and encompasses, instructional theory and learning theory.

• includes, but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications and activities.

HISTORY•Educational technology

in a way could be traced back to the emergence of very early tools, e.g., paintings on cave walls.

•history starts with educational film (1900s) or Sidney Pressey's mechanical teaching machines in the 1920s.

DEVELOPMENT

1950s Skinners work led to "programmed instruction" focusing on the formulation of behavioral objectives, breaking instructional content into small units and rewarding correct responses early and often.

1970’sComputer-aided

instruction or computer-assisted instruction (CAI)

designer divides learning contents into smaller chunks of text augmented with graphics and multimedia presentation

•In a more simplified form they correspond to today's "e-contents" that often form the core of "e-learning" set-ups, sometimes also referred to as web-based training (WBT) or e-instruction.

1980’s and 1990’s • produced a variety of schools

that can be put under the umbrella of the label Computer-based learning (CBL). Frequently based on constructivist and cognitivist learning theories, these environments focused on teaching both abstract and domain-specific problem solving.

• course designer divides learning contents into smaller chunks of text augmented with graphics and multimedia presentation.

• Frequent Multiple Choice questions with immediate feedback are added for self-assessment and guidance.

Digitized communication and networking in education

started in the mid 80s and became popular by the mid-

90's, in particular through the World-Wide Web (WWW),

eMail and Forums

Computer Based Training (CBT)

or Computer-

based learning (CBL) • focused on the interaction

between the student and computer drills plus tutorials on one hand or micro-worlds and simulations on the other.

• Both can be delivered today over the WWW.

•Computer-mediated communication (CMC), where the primary form of interaction is between students and instructors, mediated by the computer.

•CBT/CBL usually means individualized (self-study) learning, while CMC involves teacher/tutor facilitation and requires scenarization of flexible learning activities.

classroom classroom enhancementenhancement

learning technologies also

play a major role in full-time distance

teaching •videos and occasional CBT/CBL materials •increased use of e-tutoring through forums •instant messaging •video-conferencing etc

2000’s •Emergence of

multiple mobile and ubiquitous technologies gave a new impulse to situated learning theories favoring learning-in-context scenarios.

•Some literature uses the concept of integrated learning to describe blended learning scenarios that integrate both school and authentic (e.g., workplace) settings.

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