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WASHINGTON — The Houseimpeachment managers openedtheir prosecution of Donald J.Trump on Wednesday with a me-ticulous account of his campaignto overturn the election and goadsupporters to join him, bringingits most violent spasms to life withnever-before-seen securityfootage from the Jan. 6 Capitolriot.

Filling the Senate chamber withthe profane screams of the attack-ers, images of police officers beingbrutalized, and near-miss mo-ments in which Vice PresidentMike Pence and lawmakers camesteps away from confronting amob hunting them down, the pros-ecutors made an emotional casethat Mr. Trump’s election lies haddirectly endangered the heart ofAmerican democracy.

They played frantic police radiocalls warning that “we’ve lost theline,” body camera footage show-ing an officer pummeled withpoles and fists on the West Frontof the Capitol, and silent securitytape from inside showing Mr.Pence, his family and members ofthe House and Senate racing toevacuate as the mob closed in,chanting: “Hang Mike Pence!Hang Mike Pence!”

All of it, the nine Democraticmanagers said, was the foresee-able and intended outcome of Mr.Trump’s desperate attempts tocling to the presidency. Reachingback as far as last summer, theytraced how he spent months culti-vating not only the “big lie” that

the election was “rigged” againsthim, but stoking the rage of athrong of supporters who made itclear that they would do anything— including resorting to violence— to help him.

The managers argued that itwarranted that the Senate breakwith two centuries of history tomake Mr. Trump the first formerpresident to be convicted in an im-peachment trial and disqualifiedfrom future office on a singlecount of “incitement of insurrec-tion.”

“Donald Trump surrenderedhis role as commander in chiefand became the inciter in chief of adangerous insurrection,” Repre-sentative Jamie Raskin, Demo-crat of Maryland and the leadmanager, told the senators. Theywatched the footage in silence inthe same spots where they had

DEMOCRATS DETAILTRUMP BID TO FUEL

SUPPORTERS’ RAGETrial Depicts Riot as Intended Result —

Security Video Seen for First Time

By NICHOLAS FANDOS

Video presented at the impeachment trial on Wednesday aimed to show, clockwise from top left, how former President Donald J.Trump spent months on a message; rioters inside the Capitol; rushing Mike Pence to safety; a Capitol security officer under attack.

CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT, SENATE TELEVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS; SENATE TELEVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS; SENATE TELEVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS; GETTY IMAGES

Continued on Page A15

Delegate Stacey Plaskett of theU.S. Virgin Islands at the trial.

SENATE TELEVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS

Two days before a mob ofTrump supporters invaded theUnited States Capitol, upendingthe nation’s peaceful transition ofpower and leaving at least fivepeople dead, the right-wing radiostar Glenn Beck delivered a mes-sage to his flock of 10.5 million lis-teners: “It is time to fight.”

“It is time to rip and claw andrake,” Mr. Beck said on his Jan. 4broadcast. “It is time to go to war,as the left went to war four yearsago.”

A former Fox News host, Mr.Beck had speculated for weeksabout baseless claims of voterfraud in the presidential race. Hetold listeners that Donald J.Trump had taught conservativesthat “you don’t have to cower any-more, you don’t have to back downwhen ridiculed into oblivion. Youcan fight back.”

Mr. Beck did not lobby for hislisteners to invade the Capitol,and a day later he urged marchersin Washington “to really kind ofchannel your inner Martin LutherKing,” adding that violence is “justnot who we’ve ever been.” But thelanguage he used on his Jan. 4show was typical of the ag-gressive rhetoric that permeatedconservative talk radio in theweeks before the Capitol siege.

Talk radio is perhaps the mostinfluential and under-chronicledpart of right-wing media, wherethe voices of Mr. Beck, Sean Han-nity, Rush Limbaugh and otherstar hosts waft through thehomes, workplaces and com-mutes of tens of millions of listen-ers. Before the riot, the showswere often unrestrained forums

Before the Riot,Anger Crackled

On Talk RadioThis article is by Michael M. Gryn-

baum, Tiffany Hsu, Katie Robertsonand Keith Collins.

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The Texas doctor had six hours.Now that a vial of Covid-19 vaccinehad been opened on this late De-cember night, he had to find 10 eli-gible people for its remainingdoses before the precious medi-cine expired. In six hours.

Scrambling, the doctor madehouse calls and directed people tohis home outside Houston. Somewere acquaintances; others,strangers. A bed-bound nonage-

narian. A woman in her 80s withdementia. A mother with a childwho uses a ventilator.

After midnight, and with justminutes before the vaccine be-came unusable, the doctor, HasanGokal, gave the last dose to hiswife, who has a pulmonary dis-ease that leaves her short ofbreath.

For his actions, Dr. Gokal wasfired from his government job andthen charged with stealing 10 vac-cine doses worth a total of $135 —

a shun-worthy misdemeanor thatsent his name and mug shot rock-eting around the globe.

“It was my world comingdown,” Dr. Gokal said in a tele-phone interview on Friday. “Tohave everything collapse on you.God, it was the lowest moment in

my life.”The matter of Dr. Gokal is play-

ing out as pandemic-weary Amer-icans scour websites and crossstate lines chasing rumors, all inanxious pursuit of a medicine inshort supply. The case opens wideto interpretation, becoming astudy in the learn-as-you-go bio-ethics of the country’s stumblingvaccine rollout.

Late last month, a judge dis-missed the charge as groundless,

Racing the Clock, a Doctor Gave Out the Vaccine. He Was Fired.By DAN BARRY 10 Doses, and 6 Hours

to Find the Patients

Continued on Page A5

Federal health officials onWednesday urged Americans tokeep their masks on and takesteps to make them fit moresnugly — or even to layer a clothcovering over a surgical mask —saying that new research hadshown that masks greatly reducethe spread of the coronavirus.

Recent laboratory experimentsfound that viral transmissioncould be reduced by 96.5 percent ifAmericans wore snug surgicalmasks or a cloth-and-surgical-mask combination. In announcingthe findings, Dr. Rochelle P.Walensky, director of the Centersfor Disease Control and Preven-tion, pleaded with Americans towear a “well-fitting mask.”

“With cases, hospitalizationsand deaths still very high, now isnot the time to roll back mask re-quirements,” she said. “The bot-tom line is this: Masks work, andthey work when they have a goodfit and are worn correctly.”

Masking is now mandatory onfederal property and on domesticand international transportation.Studies conducted in householdsin Beijing, hair salons in Missouriand aboard an aircraft carrier inGuam have proved that “anymask is better than none,” said Dr.John T. Brooks, the chief medicalofficer for Covid response at theC.D.C. and lead author of the agen-cy’s new research on masking.

“Wearing a mask reducesspread, and in communities thatadopt mask-wearing, new infec-tions go down,” Dr. Brooks said.

But while masks reduce the res-piratory droplets and aerosols ex-haled by infected wearers, andprotect uninfected wearers, airleaking around the edges of amask can reduce its effectiveness.The agency’s new laboratory ex-

Tighten MasksOr Double Up,

C.D.C. Warns

By RONI CARYN RABIN

Continued on Page A6

A year into the pandemic, thedisposable, virus-filtering N95mask remains a coveted piece ofprotective gear. Continuing short-ages have forced doctors andnurses to reuse their N95s, and or-dinary Americans have scouredthe internet — mostly in vain — toget them.

But Luis Arguello Jr. has plentyof N95s for sale — 30 million ofthem, in fact, which his family-runbusiness, DemeTech, manufac-tured in its factories in Miami. Hesimply can’t find buyers.

After the pandemic exposed ahuge need for protective equip-ment, and China closed its inven-tory to the world, DemeTech, amedical suture maker, dived intothe mask business. The companyinvested tens of millions of dollarsin new machinery and then navi-

gated a nine-month federal ap-proval process that allows themasks to be marketed.

But demand is so slack that Mr.Arguello is preparing to lay offsome of the 1,300 workers he hadhired to ramp up production.

“It’s insane that we can’t getthese masks to the people whodesperately need them,” he said.

In one of the more confoundingdisconnects between the laws ofsupply and demand, many of thenearly two dozen small Americancompanies that recently jumpedinto the business of making N95sare facing the abyss — unable to

crack the market, despite vowsfrom both former President Don-ald J. Trump and President Bidento “Buy American” and buoy do-mestic production of essentialmedical gear.

These businesses must over-come the ingrained purchasinghabits of hospital systems, medi-cal supply distributors and stategovernments. Many buyers areloath to try the new crop of Ameri-can-made masks, which are oftena bit more expensive than thoseproduced in China. Another obsta-cle comes from companies likeFacebook and Google, whichbanned the sale and advertising ofN95 masks in an effort to thwartprofiteers from diverting vitalmedical gear needed by frontlinemedical workers.

What’s required, public healthexperts and industry executives

Millions of Coveted Face Coverings Await BuyersBy ANDREW JACOBS

A worker inspecting an N95 mask at DemeTech, a Florida company that made 30 million masks.SCOTT McINTYRE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A6

Small U.S. Firms MakeN95s, but Suppliers

Won’t Take Them

A trove of old pictures taken to a recy-cling center in the Shetland Islands hasled to a wave of nostalgia. PAGE A8

INTERNATIONAL A8-10

Glimpses of a Bygone LifeCultural institutions remain closed inthe city, even as they have opened inother parts of the country. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-6

Los Angeles’s Empty MuseumsThe automated intelligence systems ofsocial media giants have been rejectingads placed by businesses that makestylish clothes for the disabled. PAGE D1

THURSDAY STYLES D1-6

Inaccessible Algorithms

More diversity is expected in the Acad-emy Award nominations, but issuesremain, Kyle Buchanan writes. PAGE C1

Making Oscar More Inclusive

The killing of George Floyd tore Minne-apolis apart. Now comes the trial of thewhite former police officer accused ofmurdering him. PAGE A21

NATIONAL A11-21

Bracing for TrialJane Fraser, the incoming chief execu-tive, has navigated international eco-nomic crises. But taking the reins maybe her biggest challenge yet. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-6

She Has Plans for Citi

Nicholas Kristof PAGE A22

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

Sports and concert venues with morethan 10,000 seats may soon allow alimited number of fans, Gov. Andrew M.Cuomo said. PAGE B8

SPORTSTHURSDAY B7-9

New York to Open Arenas

Larry Flynt, who fought cultural andlegal wars and became an unlikelyfree-speech hero, was 78. PAGE B11

OBITUARIES B10-11

Publisher of Hustler Magazine

Late Edition

VOL. CLXX . . . . No. 58,966 © 2021 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2021

It was ghastly to watch, but thatwas the point. A rampaging crowdthreatening death as it hunted thevice president and speaker of theHouse. Senators spinning aroundmidstep to run for their lives. Staffmembers barricading themselvesin an office as attackers poundedon the door. Overwhelmed policeofficers retreating from rioters,desperately calling for help.

It seems safe to assume thatnever in American history hassuch gut-churning video footagebeen shown on the floor of the Sen-ate, where matters of great weighthave been debated but hardlybrought home in such a visuallypowerful way. The images shownin former President Donald J.Trump’s impeachment trial onWednesday were all the more res-onant because some of the jurorsthemselves were onscreen.

The display of never-before-seen video from Capitol securitycameras, along with newly dis-closed police dispatch audiotapes,brought the mob assault of Jan. 6back to life as mere words fromthe House managers prosecutingMr. Trump never could. The terrorof that day felt palpably real allover again as senators sitting injudgment of the former presidentwere forced to relive the first masssiege of the Capitol since Britishinvaders ransacked the buildingin 1814.

The emotions inside and out-side the Senate chamber were rawas the sun set on Wednesdayevening after the House manag-ers sought to use the montage ofwrenching pictures to drive hometheir case against Mr. Trump.Some current and former sena-tors struggled to regain their com-

Chilling ImagesRevive Horrors,Bolstering Case

By PETER BAKER

Continued on Page A16

Georgia state officials are being told topreserve documents related to a phonecall to “find” votes. PAGE A17

Inquiry Opens on Trump’s Call

President Biden spoke with Xi Jinping,China’s leader, in their first contactsince Mr. Biden’s election. PAGE A9

Biden and Xi Get Reacquainted

Today, snow at first, around an inch,partial clearing, high 34. Tonight,partly cloudy, cold, low 21. Tomor-row, turning mostly cloudy, colder,high 27. Weather map, Page B12.

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