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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Report Compiled by
Njonjo K.S., Rugo A.M., and Muigei, N.C.
Institute of Economic affairs
5th Floor, ACK Garden House
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Email: admin@ieakenya.or.ke
Website: www.ieakenya.or.ke
UNICEF and IEA-Kenya
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Sunburst Communication Ltd.
Tel: +254-20-312328
Email: info@sun.co.ke
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Tables and Figures iv
Acknowledgements vi
Introduction 1
Findings and Results of the sports survey 3
Findings and results of the arts survey 24
Appendix I: Sports Questionnaire 35
Appendix II: Arts Questionnaire 40
Content Page
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List of TablesTable 1: The Age of Respondents 3
Table 2: Highest level of Education 4
Table 3: The sport played 4
Table 4: Age at which respondents began to play 5
Table 5: Level of competition participated in 6
Table 6: Place of skill development 8
Table 7: Time spent on training per week (Hrs) 8
Table 8: Train in private or public facility 9
Table 9: Cost of training per session (KShs) 10
Table 10: Advantages of training 10
Table 11: Disadvantages of training 11
Table 12: Other public facilities known to the respondent 12
Table 13: Well known coaches 13
Table 14: Importance of Medical Insurance 14
Table 15: Number with medical insurance 15
Table 16: Challenges encountered by sports people 15
Table 17: Proposals to overcome challenges stated above 16
Table 18: Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya 16
Table 19: Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure 17
Table 20: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government 17
Table 21: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector 18
Table 22: Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public 19
Table 23: Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport 19
Table 24: Does the respondent play for a club? 20
Table 25: Benefits of playing for a club 20
Table 26: Organization and type of support 21
Table 27: Have a decent livelihood from sports 22
Table 28: Average monthly income from sports 22
Tables and Figures
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Table 29: % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment 23
Table 30: Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in 23
Table 31: Highest Level of Education 25
Table 32: Type of Artist 25
Table 33: Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists 26
Table 34: Age when Artist began to Perform 27
Table 35: Profits Realized from the Sales made 28
Table 36: Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools 28
Table 37: Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure 29
Table 38: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government 29
Table 39: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector 30
Table 40: Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public 30
Table 41: Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art 30
Table 42: The Artists Capacity of Performance 31
Table 43: Training school and country 31
Table 44: Time spent training in the art 31
Table 45: Available Private Training Schools 32
Table 46: Available Public Training Schools 32
Table 47: Challenges faced in the arts 33
Table 48: The average monthly income from the arts 34
List of FiguresFigure 1: Respondents by Gender 3
Figure 2: Age at which respondents began to play 6
Figure 3: Capacity of engagement 7
Figure 4: Where skills were developed (school & country) 7
Figure 5: Aware of private sector support 21
Figure 6: Age Distribution of Respondents 24
Figure 7: Gender of Respondents 24
Figure 8: Time Allocated to Art (Part Time or Full Time) 26
Figure 9: Level of Performance 27
Figure 10: Awareness of Private Sector Support 33
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The IEA Kenya and UNICEF would like to thank the all the persons who filled the questionnaires and availed the relevant documents.
Particularly we thank Mr. David H. Otieno for his technical support in analyzing the data. Spe-cial appreciation goes to Mr. Kimanzi Muthengi of UNICEF for all the helpful suggestions during the preparation of the report.
Acknowledgements
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Talent Development in Sports and Artsviii
Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Talent has been described by several theorists as a special innate set of skills and abilities. Some scholars argue that it accounts for varying proportions of creativity in a person. However, raw talent in itself is not sufficient. It needs to be developed. Components necessary for the devel-opment of that creativity include; knowledge; technical capability; personality characteristics; work habits and an internal drive which can be influenced significantly by the social environ-ment.
According to Amabile (2001)1, if we wish to nurture the next generation of creative scientists, artists, writers etc, our task is first to identify children who are gifted and talented and then to provide them with the best opportunities.
UNICEF and MOYAS assert that in Kenya, there lacks a baseline survey of institutions provid-ing talent based services in sports and performing arts. The market value of the talent based industry and un-tapped opportunities need to be established in order to inform the on-going piloting of the Talent Academy. IEA conducted a baseline survey in the sports and arts sector to establish the infrastructure avail-able for development of talent as well as the extent nurtured talent in individuals has provided a means of livelihood.
The data collection instrument2 was filled in by sports men and women preparing to go for the commonwealth games as well as young swimmers representing different schools in Nairobi from Aqua club. The second data collection instrument was filled in by various artists ranging from dancers, story tellers, musicians, poets, comedians, actors/actresses and DJs. Access to the target population, delays in response or no response at all were some of the field challenges experienced in the field.
The research instruments were administered physically and electronically for wider reach to re-spondents who were out of physical reach to minimize on cost. Telephone conversations were held to clarify questions and E-mails sent to give more information requested by respondents. A formal introductory letter signed by the researcher accompanied the questionnaires. The letter introduced the subject and the purpose of the study. At the end of administering the question-naires, the researcher collected the questionnaires and prepared them for analysis. The findings are presented in tables, graphs and charts in this report.
Overall findings indicate that a considerable number of people engaging in sports have sec-ondary school education. Most sports people engage in professional sports. Their skills were nurtured in learning institutions and further refined, mostly in-country at institutions of higher
1 Introduction
1. Amabile, T. M. (2001). Beyond Talent. American Psychological Association, 56 (4) 2. Is annexed
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learning. Time spent in practice varies but most sports people train in private institutions where the average cost of training is Kshs. 200.00. Sports people find this expensive and desire to have more refined public sporting institutions. A considerable number of sports people have medi-cal insurance. The biggest challenge in sports is financial resources and government support is seen to be below average while private sector support is seen to be considerable higher. The Kenyan public is seen to be very supportive of sports and there is the general agreement that Kenya performs very well globally in sports. Most sports people say that they make a decent living out of sports but the income is understated, may be to avoid tax queries. A considerable number of those engaged in sports are also formally employed in the private as well as well the public sector.
Most artists have university level of education with a considerable number of them working in art on a full time basis. The ages at which the artists began to perform and time spent rehearsing varies considerably. Artists feel that the sector has inadequate private and public infrastructure and very low financial support from the government and the private sector. Considerable profits are realized from art. Most respondents also say that they can make a decent living out of art but the earnings stated are very low, indicative of understated wages.
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2.1 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents
2.1.1 The Age of Respondents
Table 1: The Age of Respondents
Age Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 11 - 15 12 18.8 18.8
16 - 20 9 14.1 14.1
21 - 25 14 21.9 21.9
26 - 30 9 14.1 14.1
31 - 35 5 7.8 7.8
36 - 40 3 4.7 4.7
41 - 45 1 1.6 1.6
Other 11 17.2 17.2
Total 64 100.0 100.0
22% of the respondents are aged between 21 and 25 followed by 19% of those aged between 11 and 15. Those aged between 16 and 20 and those aged 26 and 30 formed 14% each of the respondents.
2.1.2 Gender of Respondents63.3% of the respondents were male and 36.7% or respondents were female. This could be indicative of more men than women participating in sports.
Figure 1: Respondents by Gender
2 Findings and Results of the Sports Survey
Female 37%
Male 63%
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2.1.3 Highest level of Education
Table 2: Highest level of Education
Education level Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Primary 18 28.1 28.6
Secondary 31 48.4 49.2
Tertiary 6 9.4 9.5
University 8 12.5 12.7
Total 63 98.4 100.0
Missing System 1 1.6
Total 64 100.0
49.2% of the responds had secondary school education while 28.6% had primary school edu-cation. Only 12.7% had university education and 9.5% had tertiary education.
2.2 Section B: About the Sport Played
2.2.1 The sport played
Table 3: The sport played
Sport Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Basketball 1 1.6 1.6
Swimming 24 37.5 38.1
Athletics 22 34.4 34.9
Tennis 2 3.1 3.2
Rugby 3 4.7 4.8
Other 11 17.2 17.5
Total 63 98.4 100.0
Missing System 1 1.6
Total 64 100.0 38% of the respondents were swimmers, and 35% were athletes. 4.8% played rugby, 3.2%, tennis, 1.6% Basketball and 17.5% played other sports.
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2.2.2 Age at which respondents began to play
Table 4: Age at which respondents began to play
Age of Play Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 2 1 1.6 1.6
3 5 7.8 8.2
4 5 7.8 8.2
5 6 9.4 9.8
6 6 9.4 9.8
7 1 1.6 1.6
8 3 4.7 4.9
10 8 12.5 13.1
11 1 1.6 1.6
12 2 3.1 3.3
13 2 3.1 3.3
14 4 6.2 6.6
15 4 6.2 6.6
16 2 3.1 3.3
17 2 3.1 3.3
18 3 4.7 4.9
20 3 4.7 4.9
22 1 1.6 1.6
25 1 1.6 1.6
26 1 1.6 1.6
Total 61 95.3 100.0
Missing System 3 4.7
Total 64 100.0 78.6% of all respondents began to playing the sport before the age of 15 with the majority start-ing at the age of 3 to 10 years as illustrated on table 4 and figure 2 .
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Figure 2: Age at which respondents began to play
2.2.3 Level of competition participated in
Table 5: Level of competition participated in
Competition level Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Village / Estate 5 7.8 7.8
District 6 9.4 9.4
Provincial 14 21.9 21.9
National 13 20.3 20.3
Africa 7 10.9 10.9
International 19 29.7 29.7
Total 64 100.0 100.0
30% of the respondents had participated at the international level while 22% had participated at the provincial level. 20% had participated at the national level while 11% had participated at the Africa level of competition.
1
Age began to play
11 11 1
5 5
6 6
2 2 2 2
4 4
3 33
8
No. of Respondents5 10 15 20 250
9876543210
Age b
egan
to pl
ay
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2.2.4 Capacity of engagement
Figure 3: Capacity of engagement
56% of the respondents were professional sports persons whereas 44% were amateur sports persons.
2.2.5 Where skills were developed (school & country)
Figure 4: Where skills were developed (school & country)
95% of the respondents indicated that their skills were developed internally (in the country) while 5% of the respondents indicated that their skills were developed externally (outside Ke-nya). The specific institutions are highlighted in table 7.
Amateur 44%
Professional 56%
External Training 5%
Internal Training 95%
Place of Skill Development
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Table 6: Place of skill development
Internally Externally
Aqua Kenya, Lavington Baum Academy Mauritius
GSU training school, Kenya University of Arizona, USA
Kenya Police College, Kiganjo
Kergung Pri. Sch.
Kipsoen Sec. Sch. Keiyo
Kosivai Sec. Sch. Nandi
Kwanthanze Sec. School Machakos
Kwanza, Kenya
Lavington Pri. Kenya
Nairobi Academy, Kenya
Nakuru, Kenya
Premier club
St. Austin, Kenya
St. Patricks Sch. Iten
Starehe boys, Kenya
Umala Pri. Sch. Siaya
University of Nairobi
HPTC
PSTC
Over 50% of skills development in Kenya is in primary and secondary schools. Training is then enhanced in training/tertiary institutions and clubs.
2.2.6 Time spent on training per week (Hrs)
Table 7: Time spent on training per week (Hrs)
Training Time Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 2 1 1.6 1.6
4 1 1.6 1.6
5 7 10.9 11.3
6 4 6.2 6.5
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7 3 4.7 4.8
8 2 3.1 3.2
10 14 21.9 22.6
11 3 4.7 4.8
12 9 14.1 14.5
13 1 1.6 1.6
14 3 4.7 4.8
15 2 3.1 3.2
16 1 1.6 1.6
18 1 1.6 1.6
20 2 3.1 3.2
25 1 1.6 1.6
28 3 4.7 4.8
30 1 1.6 1.6
32 1 1.6 1.6
35 2 3.1 3.2
Total 62 96.9 100.0
Missing System 2 3.1
Total 64 100.0 22% of the respondents spend at least 10 hours a week in training while 15% spend at least 12 hours training. 11% spend at least 5 hours in a week training.
2.2.7 Train in private or public facility
Table 8: Train in private or public facility
Training facility Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Private 52 81.2 83.9
Public 10 15.6 16.1
Total 62 96.9 100.0
Missing System 2 3.1
Total 64 100.0
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84% of the respondents undertook their training in private training facilities and 16% undertook their training in public training facilities.
2.2.8. Cost of training per session (KShs)
Table 9: Cost of training per session (KShs)
Training cost in Kshs Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 0 7 10.9 13.2
100 7 10.9 13.2
200 30 46.9 56.6
300 2 3.1 3.8
400 1 1.6 1.9
1,000 1 1.6 1.9
1,500 1 1.6 1.9
3,000 1 1.6 1.9
3,500 1 1.6 1.9
4,000 1 1.6 1.9
10,000 1 1.6 1.9
Total 53 82.8 100.0
Missing System 11 17.2
Total 64 100.0 Training cost varies per session. However, about 70% of the respondents pay Kshs. 100.00 to Kshs. 200.00 for training per session. 13.2 % do not spend anything. The most expensive train-ing session costs an average of Kshs. 10,000.00
2.2.9 Advantages of training
Table 10: Advantages of training
Advantages Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 21 32.8 32.8
A professional coach 10 15.6 15.6
Accessible 1 1.6 1.6
Always open 1 1.6 1.6
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Coach available 2 3.1 3.1
Convenient 2 3.1 3.1
Earn money 1 1.6 1.6
Encouragement from others 1 1.6 1.6
Flexible 2 3.1 3.1
Free training 1 1.6 1.6
Gain fame 1 1.6 1.6
Good facilities 6 9.4 9.4
Interactive experience 1 1.6 1.6
Keeping !t 1 1.6 1.6
Modern facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Privacy 3 3.1 3.1
Provides Support 1 1.6 1.6
Safety 6 9.4 9.4
Security 1 1.6 1.6
Training Partners 1 1.6 1.6
Well Equipped 1 1.6 1.6
Total 64 100.0 100.0 The respondents had varying answers on the advantages of training. The majority (15.6 %) of the respondents indicated the presence of a professional coach, 9.4 % of the respondents cited good facilities and another 9.4% cited safety as a reason.
2.2.10 Disadvantages of training
Table 11: Disadvantages of training
Disadvantages Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 35 54.7 54.7
Cold Pool 2 3.1 3.1
Condition Not Favourable 1 1.6 1.6
Di"cult Training 1 1.6 1.6
Distance 3 4.7 4.7
Easy Training 1 1.6 1.6
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Expensive 12 18.8 18.8
Facility Not Maintained 1 1.6 1.6
Injuries 1 1.6 1.6
Lack Good Facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Lacks Facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Little Time Training 1 1.6 1.6
No Equipments 1 1.6 1.6
No Free Time 1 1.6 1.6
No Respect 1 1.6 1.6
Strict Rules 1 1.6 1.6
Total 64 100.0 100.0
19% of the respondents indicated that it was expensive to train whilst 4.7% of the respon-dents felt that the distance from the training facility was big.
2.2.11 Other public facilities known to the respondent
Table 12: Other public facilities known to the respondent
Other Facilities Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 53 82.8 82.8
Kasarani Sports Centre 5 7.8 7.8
Kiganjo 1 1.6 1.6
MoW 1 1.6 1.6
Nyayo Stadium 3 4.7 4.7
Pumwani 1 1.6 1.6
Total 64 100.0 100.0
Public stadias provide alternative sporting facilities to sports men and women. 7.8% of the respondents know about Kasarani Sports Centre and 4.7% know about Nyayo stadium.
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2.2.12 Well known coaches
Table 13: Well known coaches
Amos Korir 1
Ben Ayimba 3
Felix Ochieng 1
Gordon Tijiens 1
David Letting 3
Julius Kirwa 1
Elizabeth Olaba 2
Lamai 1
Gerald Atek 1
James lii 1
Jonathan Cassacrande 3
Kirwa 1
Mike Otieno 1
Milka 1
Mrs. Raburu 1
Stephen Mwaniki 5
Omonyalla 1
Paddy Okello 1
Patrick Sang 3
J Chelimo 1
Rab 1
J. Kitur 1
Kipruto 1
Sospeter Maina 1
John Anzira 1
Samuel Matete 1
Johnson Gungu 3
Kibet 1
Omondi 1
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george kariuki 1
John Wroe 23
Claudio 1
Benjamin Kemboi 1
brent Mcain 1
Isaac 2
Peter 12
Alex 3
John Odhiambo 6
Mr. Sally 1
Paul Angar 2
Mr. Mureithi 3
The most well known coaches were John Wroe and Peter.
2.2.13 Importance of Medical Insurance
Table 14: Importance of Medical Insurance
Medical insurance Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Very Important 51 79.7 82.3
Important 7 10.9 11.3
Less Important 1 1.6 1.6
Not Important 3 4.7 4.8
Total 62 96.9 100.0
Missing System 2 3.1
Total 64 100.0
82% of the respondents said medical insurance was very important while 11% said it was impor-tant. Only 1.6% say it is less important and 4.8% indicate that it is not important.
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2.2.14 Number with medical insurance
Table 15: Number with medical insurance
Have med. ins. Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Yes 40 62.5 65.6
No 21 32.8 34.4
Total 61 95.3 100.0
Missing System 3 4.7
Total 64 100.0
66% of the respondents say they have medical insurance cover while34.4% indicated that they do not have medical insurance cover.
2.2.15 Challenges encountered by a sports people
Table 16: Challenges encountered by sports people
Challenges Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Financial 29 45.3 56.9
Training facilities 7 10.9 13.7
Sports Association 1 1.6 2.0
Government / Govt. policy 3 4.7 5.9
Coaching 3 4.7 5.9
Other 8 11.5 15.7
Total 51 79.7 100.0
Missing System 13 20.3
Total 64 100.0
57% of the respondents said that they encounter financial challenges while 14% said they en-counter challenges of training facilities. 5.9% said that government policies posed challenges and another 5.9% said coaching posed challenges.
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2.2.16 Proposals to overcome challenges stated above
Table 17: Proposals to overcome challenges stated above
Overcoming challenges Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 30 46.9 46.9
Accountability 1 1.6 1.6
Cancel Less Important Activities 1 1.6 1.6
Financial Support 5 7.8 7.8
Free Training Facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Government Support 9 14.1 14.1
Heat Pool 2 3.1 3.1
Improve Facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Improve Management 1 1.6 1.6
Motivate New Sportspersons 1 1.6 1.6
Permanent Sponsor 6 9.4 9.4
Provide Free Training Equipment 2 3.1 3.1
Provide Health Services 1 1.6 1.6
Provide Quality Equipment 1 1.6 1.6
Stop Corruption 2 3.1 3.1
Total 64 100.0 100.0
14% of the respondents felt that government support would minimize some of the challenges sports people encounter. Permanent sponsorship (9.4%) and financial support would also help ease the challenges.
2.2.17 Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya
Table 18: Extent to which this sport is developed competitively in Kenya
Competitive game Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid No Extent 1 1.6 2.9
Small Extent 2 3.1 5.9
Large Extent 6 9.4 17.6
Very Large Extent 25 39.1 73.5
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Total 34 53.1 100.0
Missing System 30 46.9
Total 64 100.0
74% of the respondents indicated that their sport was to a very large extent well developed in Kenya as a competitive sport while 18% felt it was only developed to a large extent
2.2.18 Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure
Table 19: Extent to which this sport has developed infrastructure
Infrastructure Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0
No Extent 1 1.6 3.0
Very Small Extent 5 7.8 15.2
Small Extent 9 14.1 27.3
Large Extent 4 6.2 12.1
Very Large Extent 13 20.3 39.4
Total 33 51.6 100.0
Missing System 31 48.4
Total 64 100.0
An analysis of the development of the sport infrastructure revealed that 39.4% of the respon-dents to a very large extent agree that their sport has developed infrastructure compared to 12% who felt that infrastructure is developed in their sport to a large extent. 27% felt that infrastruc-ture in their sport is developed to a small extent and 15% felt that infrastructure is developed to a very small extent.
2.2.19 Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government
Table 20: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the government
Financial support Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid N/A 3 4.7 9.1
No Extent 3 4.7 9.1
Very Small Extent 5 7.8 15.2
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Small Extent 4 6.2 12.1
Large Extent 5 7.8 15.2
Very Large Extent 13 20.3 39.4
Total 33 51.6 100.0
Missing System 31 48.4
Total 64 100.0
39% of the respondents stated that to a very large extent, their sport has financial support from the government while 15.2% felt that their sport had financial support by the government to a large extent. 12% felt that governments financial support was there to a small extent while 15.2% felt that governments support was there to a very small extent.
2.2.20 Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector
Table 21: Extent to which this sport has financial support from the private sector
Financial support private Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0
No Extent 8 12.5 24.2
Very Small Extent 2 3.1 6.1
Small Extent 4 6.2 12.1
Large Extent 1 1.6 3.0
Very Large Extent 17 26.6 51.5
Total 33 51.6 100.0
Missing System 31 48.4
Total 64 100.0 52% of the respondents felt that their sport had financial support from the private sector to a very large extent. 24% felt that the private sectors support not there and 12% felt that their sup-port was to a small extent
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2.2.21 Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public
Table 22: Extent to which this sport is popular among the Kenyan public
Popular sport Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid N/A 2 3.1 5.9
No Extent 3 4.7 8.8
Very Small Extent 3 4.7 8.8
Small Extent 2 3.1 5.9
Large Extent 3 4.7 8.8
Very Large Extent 21 32.8 61.8
Total 34 53.1 100.0
Missing System 30 46.9
Total 64 100.0
62% of the respondents felt that their sport was popular among Kenyans to a very large extent.
2.2.22 Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport
Table 23: Extent to which Kenya performs well globally in this sport
Kenya performs Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid N/A 1 1.6 3.0
No Extent 2 3.1 6.1
Very Small Extent 4 6.2 12.1
Small Extent 2 3.1 6.1
Large Extent 6 9.4 18.2
Very Large Extent 18 28.1 54.5
Total 33 51.6 100.0
Missing System 31 48.4
Total 64 100.0
55% of the respondents felt that Kenya Kenya performs well globally in this sport to a very large extent and 18% felt that Kenya performs well globally in this sport to a large extent.
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2.2.23 Does the respondent play for a club?
Table 24: Does the respondent play for a club?
Play for club Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Yes 36 56.2 83.7
No 7 10.9 16.3
Total 43 67.2 100.0
Missing System 21 32.8
Total 64 100.0
84% of the respondents play for a club while 16% do not.
2.2.24 Respondents Benefits of playing for a club
Table 25: Benefits of playing for a club
Bene!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 45 70.3 70.3
Available facilities 1 1.6 1.6
Avails training time 1 1.6 1.6
Encourages competition 2 3.1 3.1
Financial support 2 3.1 3.1
Good coaching 3 4.7 4.7
Helps players keep !t 1 1.6 1.6
Improves talent 1 1.6 1.6
Provides more training time 1 1.6 1.6
Nurtures talent 1 1.6 1.6
Peer motivation 1 1.6 1.6
Players encouraged 1 1.6 1.6
Players interact 1 1.6 1.6
Social development 1 1.6 1.6
Sponsorship 1 1.6 1.6
Support provided 1 1.6 1.6
Total 64 100.0 100.0
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Benefits listed for playing for a club include: good coaching (4.7%); financial support (3.1%) and encouraged competition (3.1%) among other reasons
2.2.25 Awareness of Private Sector Support
Figure 5: Aware of private sector support
Only 42% of those interviewed knew of private sector support in their sport while 58% did not know of private sector support.
2.2.26 Specific Organizations Providing Support and Type of Support
Table 26: Organization and type of support
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 52 81.2 81.2
KCC (Financial Support) 2 3.1 3.1
Provide (Cash And Land) 1 1.6 1.6
Safaricom (Financial Support) 7 10.9 10.9
Sponsors Team 1 1.6 1.6
Toy World 1 1.6 1.6
Total 64 100.0 100.0
Organizations supporting various sports do it in cash and/or in kind. The company most recog-nized by respondents is Safaricom followed by Kenya cooperative creameries (KCC).
No 58%
Yes 42%
Private Sector Support
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2.2.27 Specific Organizations Providing Support and Type of Support
Table 27: Have a decent livelihood from sports
Livelihood Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Yes 30 46.9 68.2
No 14 21.9 31.8
Total 44 68.8 100.0
Missing System 20 31.2
Total 64 100.0
Analyzing whether sport provides a decent livelihood revealed that 68.2% agree that sport can earn one a decent living while 31.8% did not agree that sports could earn one a decent living.
2.2.28 Average monthly income from sports
Table 28: Average monthly income from sports
Monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 0 - 5,000 22 34.4 62.9
5,001 - 10,000 4 6.2 11.4
10,001 - 20,000 2 3.1 5.7
20,000 - 50,000 3 4.7 8.6
50,001 - 100,000 3 4.7 8.6
100,000 and above 1 1.6 2.9
Total 35 54.7 100.0
Missing System 29 45.3
Total 64 100.0
62.9% of the respondents earn on average a monthly income of between Kshs. 0 and Kshs. 5,000.00 while 11.4% earn a monthly income of between Kshs. 5,001.00 and Kshs. 10,000. 00. Only 2.9% of the sports person earn some monthly income of Kshs. 100,000 and above. These amounts however sound very low and the respondents may have under stated their income to avoid any tax queries especially because on table 27 above a whopping 68% said they had a decent livelihood from sports.
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
2.2.29 % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment
Table 29: % of Sports People Involved in Formal Employment
Formal Employment Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Yes 16 25.0 39.0 39.0
No 25 39.1 61.0 100.0
Total 41 64.1 100.0
Missing System 23 35.9
Total 64 100.0 39% of the respondents were also formally employed while 61% were not in any form of formal employment.
2.2.30 Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in
Table 30: Types of Formal Employment Sports People Involved in
Bene!ts Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 56 87.5 87.5
Air Force 1 1.6 89.1
Banker 1 1.6 90.6
Business 1 1.6 92.2
Civil service 1 1.6 93.8
Community o"cer 1 1.6 95.3
Courier services 1 1.6 96.9
Prison warden 1 1.6 98.4
Swimming coach 1 1.6 100.0
Total 64 100.0 Sports people were also in the air force, banking, business, civil service, community work, cou-rier services, swimming and working as prison wardens.
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
3.1 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents
3.1.1 Age of Respondents
Figure 6: Age Distribution of Respondents
The majority of the respondents in the art sector were 26-30 years (47%), followed by 21-25 years olds (35%) as indicated on figure 6.
3.1.2 Gender of Respondent
Figure 7: Gender of Respondents
3 Findings and Results of the Arts Survey
Age Distribution of Respondents
26-3047%
21-2535%
31-3512%
36-406%
Gender of Respondents
Female 29%
Male 71%
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
A majority of the respondents were men (71%) compared to only 29% of women.
3.1.3 Highest Level of Education
Table 31: Highest Level of Education
Education level Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Secondary 3 16.7 17.6
Tertiary 4 22.2 23.5
University 10 55.6 58.8
Total 17 94.4 100.0
Missing System 1 5.6
Total 18 100.0
An analysis of the level of education of the respondents revealed that 58.8% of the artists had university level of education, 23.5% were college graduates while 17.6% had a secondary school certificate.
3.2 Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondents3.2.1 Type of Artist
Table 32: Type of Artist
Artist Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Story Teller 1 5.6 5.6
Dancer 5 27.8 27.8
Poet 1 5.6 5.6
Musician 3 16.7 16.7
Actor / Actress 2 11.1 11.1
Comedian 1 5.6 5.6
DJ 1 5.6 5.6
Other 4 22.2 22.2
Total 18 100.0 100.0
Majority of the respondents were dancers (27.8%), followed by musicians (16.7%), actors and actresses (11.1%) then story tellers, poets, comedians and DJs each with 5.6% representation.
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
3.2.2 Time Allocated to Art
Figure 8: Time Allocated to Art (Part Time or Full Time)
56% of the respondents were full time artists while 44% were part-time artists.
3.2.3 Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists
Table 33: Other Activities Carried Out By Part-Time Artists
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 10 55.6 55.6
Assistant Prog. O"cer -Kituo Cha Sheria 1 5.6 5.6
Business 1 5.6 5.6
Marketer 1 5.6 5.6
Producer 1 5.6 5.6
Radio and Tv Announcer 1 5.6 5.6
Researcher and Policy Analyst 1 5.6 5.6
French Translator 1 5.6 5.6
Volunteer 1 5.6 5.6
Total 18 100.0 100.0
Part-time artists also worked in NGOs, in the private sector, in the media, as volunteers and in think tanks as indicated on table 33. Of these, 53% consider themselves formally employed and 47% consider themselves informally employed.
Time allocated to the Art
Part time 44%
Full time 56%
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
3.2.4 Age when Artist began to Perform
Table 34: Age when Artist began to Perform
Age began to perform Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 3 1 5.6 5.9
7 1 5.6 5.9
8 2 11.1 11.8
10 2 11.1 11.8
12 2 11.1 11.8
13 1 5.6 5.9
14 1 5.6 5.9
15 2 11.1 11.8
17 1 5.6 5.9
18 2 11.1 11.8
20 1 5.6 5.9
24 1 5.6 5.9
Total 17 94.4 100.0
Missing System 1 5.6
Total 18 100.0
The ages at which the artists began to perform vary. A comparable number of 11.8% each began their performance at ages 8 years, 10 years, 12 years, 15 years and 18 years. Others (5.9% each) began at age 3, 7, 13, 14, 17, 20 and 24.
3.2.5 Level of Performance
Figure 9: Level of Performance
Provincial National Africa International
1
8
3
6
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
44% of the respondents had performed at the national level, 33% at the international level, 17% in Africa and 6% at the provincial level. 50% of the artists had packaged or recorded their work for sale, while another 50% had not.
3.2.6 Profits Realized from the Sales made
Table 35: Profits Realized from the Sales made
Pro!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 20,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
40,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
100,000.00 3 16.7 33.3
150,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
250,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
400,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
500,000.00 1 5.6 11.1
Total 9 50.0 100.0
Missing System 9 50.0
Total 18 100.0
33.3% of the artists had realized profits of Kshs. 100,000.00. Other profits realized varied from Kshs. 20,000.00 to Kshs. 500,000.00 as illustrated on table 36 above. Cost of recording varied from Kshs. 7,000.00 to Kshs. 1.5 million.
3.2.7 Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools
Table 36: Extent to which Art is Promoted in Schools
Art is promoted Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid n / a 1 5.6 5.6
no extent 2 11.1 11.1
very small extent 2 11.1 11.1
small extent 3 16.7 16.7
large extent 4 22.2 22.2
very large extent 6 33.3 33.3
Total 18 100.0 100.0
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
33.3% of the respondents said that art is promoted in schools to a very large extent while 22% felt that art is only promoted in schools to a large extent. 17% of the respondents felt that art was promoted to a small extent, 11% to a very small extent and another 11% to no extent as indicated in table 36.
3.2.8 Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure
Table 37: Extent to which the form of Art has private and public infrastructure
Public & private infra Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid no extent 1 5.6 5.6
very small extent 7 38.9 38.9
small extent 5 27.8 27.8
large extent 3 16.7 16.7
very large extent 2 11.1 11.1
Total 18 100.0 100.0
39% of the respondents felt that their form of art had public and private infrastructure to a very small extent, 28% to a small extent while 17% to a large extent as indicated on table 37.
3.2.9 Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government
Table 38: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the government
Govt. support Frequency Percent Valid Percent
n / a 5 27.8 27.8
no extent 7 38.9 38.9
very small extent 4 22.2 22.2
small extent 2 11.1 11.1
Total 18 100.0 100.0
39% of the respondents said that government financially supported the form of art to no extent, 22% to a very small extent and 11% to a small extent.
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
3.2.10 Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector
Table 39: Extent to which the form of Art has financial support from the private sector
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid no extent 2 11.1 11.1
very small extent 6 33.3 33.3
small extent 7 38.9 38.9
large extent 3 16.7 16.7
Total 18 100.0 100.0
39% of the respondents said that private sector financially supported the form of art to a small extent, 33% to a very small extent and 17% to a large extent.
3.2.11 Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public
Table 40: Extent to which the form of Art is popular among Kenyan public
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
small extent 5 27.8 27.8
large extent 8 44.4 44.4
very large extent 5 27.8 27.8
Total 18 100.0 100.0
44% of the respondents said that their form of art was popular among the Kenyan public to a large extent, 28% to a small extent and another 28% to a very large extent.
3.2.12 Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art
Table 41: Extent to which Kenya has high global ranking in this art
Pro!ts Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid no extent 3 16.7 16.7
very small extent 6 33.3 35.3
small extent 3 16.7 17.6
large extent 5 27.8 29.4
Total 17 94.4 100.0
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Missing System 1 5.6
Total 18 100.0
35% of the respondents said that Kenya had a high global tanking in this art to a very small extent, 29% to a large extent, 18% to no extent and another 18% to a small extent.
3.2.13 The Artists Capacity of Performance
Table 42: The Artists Capacity of Performance
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid Professional 9 50.0 50.0
amateur 9 50.0 50.0
Total 18 100.0 100.0
50% of the artists perform as professionals and 50% perform as amateurs. About 22% of the artists were mentored and 17% developed their talents in highschools.
3.2.14 Training schools attended by artists
Table 43: Training school and country
Training school and country
Berklee, USA
KCC, Kenya
Kenya National Theatre, Kenya
Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership
Medeva Kenya
Music Technology Academy, Kenya
Phoenix Theatre, Kenya
3.2.15 Time spent training in the art
Table 44: Time spent training in the art
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 2 3 16.7 20.0
3 1 5.6 6.7
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
6 2 11.1 13.3
10 1 5.6 6.7
12 4 22.2 26.7
30 1 5.6 6.7
35 2 11.1 13.3
40 1 5.6 6.7
Total 15 83.3 100.0
Missing System 3 16.7
Total 18 100.0
26.7% of the artists spent on average 12 hours in training and practice, 20.0 % spent 2hours, 13.3% spent 6 hours and 35 hours in training as indicated on table 44.
3.2.16 Available Private Training Schools
Table 45: Available Private Training Schools
Available Private Training Schools
Daystar university
MEDEVA
National outward bound school
Phoenix theatre
The conservatoire
Toastmasters club Table 45 shows the private training schools known to the artists.
3.2.17 Available Public Training Schools
Table 46: Available Public Training Schools
Available Public Training Schools
Kenya School of Adventure and Leadership
Kenyatta University
KIMC
Moi University
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Table 46 shows the public training schools known to the artists.
3.2.18 Awareness of Private Sector Support
Figure 10: Awareness of Private Sector Support
41 of the respondents were aware of private sector support while 59% were not aware. Some organizations specified as private sponsors of various arts include: Deliverance church; EABL; Nation meida; PSI; Safaricom and USAID.
3.2.19 Challenges faced in the arts
Table 47: Challenges faced in the arts
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 1 5.6 5.6
Disrespect from elders 1 5.6 5.6
High production costs 1 5.6 5.6
Lack costumes 1 5.6 5.6
Lack of funds 6 33.3 33.3
Lack public appreciation 1 5.6 5.6
Lack professionals 1 5.6 5.6
Low audience turnout 1 5.6 5.6
No permanent trainer 1 5.6 5.6
Poor pay 4 22.2 22.2
Total 18 100.0 100.0
No 59%
Yes 41%
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
33% of the respondents felt that the biggest challenge in the arts sector was financial resources followed by poor pay (22%). Other reasons included disrespect, high production costs, lack of costumes, lack of public appreciation, lack of professionals, low audience turnout, and no per-manent trainers as indicated on table 48. 33% of the respondents felt that government should invest more in the sector while 17% wanted private sector investment. 11% would like a pro-fessional body set. Interestingly though was the fact that 78% of the respondents felt that art provides a decent livelihood while 22% felt otherwise. Average monthly incomes varied as indicated on table 48
Table 48: The average monthly income from the arts
Monthly income Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Valid 0 - 5,000 1 5.6 5.6
5,001 - 10,000 6 33.3 33.3
10,001 - 20,000 2 11.1 11.1
20,001 - 50,000 2 11.1 11.1
50,001 - 100,000 5 27.8 27.8
100,000 and above 2 11.1 11.1
Total 18 100.0 100.0
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Appendix I: Sports Questionnaire
Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondent
1. Name
2. E-mail Address
3. Phone Number
4. Age (tick the relevant age range)
11-15 16- 20 21-25
26-30 31-35 36-40
41-45 46-50 51-55
56-60 61-65 Other (Specify)
5. Gender: Male Female
6. Highest Level of Education
Primary
High school/ secondary
Tertiary College
University level (specify) PHD Masters Undergraduate
Other (Specify)
Instructions:
1. Please Check the preferred response and complete the blank spaces appropriately.
2. If you are !lling the questionnaire online kindly check the box, right click your mouse and select properties. Under Default values, click checked on the appropriate answer you would like to give and click ok. Ensure that there is a tick on the check box enabled, which you !nd under !eld settings.
3. In case you prefer to !ll in the questionnaire manually, kindly check or Tick the ap-propriate box.
4. If a question is not applicable to you as a respondent please write N/A on the relevant space
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
7. Educational Backgound or Profession e.g Economics, Accounts etc
Section B: About the Sport You Play
8. What kind of sport do you play?
Basketball Swimming Athletics
Boxing Football Tennis
Hockey Rugby Golf
Auto racing Chess Gymnastics
Handball Volleyball Karate
Taekwondo Other (Specify)
9. At what age did you begin /discover your talent? E.g 2 yrs
10. What levels of participation have you competed in, in this sport? Participant can check or tick more than one
Village /Estate Location District level
Provincial National Africa
Internationally (Specify Country)
11. In what capacity do you engage with your sporting activities
Professional Amateur (if amateur, skip question 12).
12. If you play on a professional capacity, specify where you developed your skills? (E.g.Training school/Coaching, specify - name and location )
Name the specific training school and country where the school os located
13. How much time do you spend on average per week training? E.g. 10 hours
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
14. Do you train in a private or public facility?
Private (Specify which one and how much it costs in Kshs. per training session)
Public (Specify which one and how much it costs in Kshs. per training session)
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of training in that (Refering to Qs. 14) facil-ity?
Advantages: Disadvantages: a. a. b. b.
16. List other training facilities you know of in your sport Private: Public: a. a. b. b.
17. Who are the 2 (two) well known coaches in the sport you play a. b.
18. How is medical insurance important for you as a sports man?
Very Important Important
Less Important Indifferent
Not Important
19. Do you have medical insurance Yes No
20. What are the challenges you encounter as a sportsperson (the respondent can tick/check more than one answer)
Financial Training Facilities
Sports Association Government & /or Government policy
Coaching Other
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
21. What can be done to overcome the challeges you encounter (Refering to Qs. 18) in your sport?
a. b.
22. In order to measure the success of this sport in Kenya, kindly indicate to what extent:
Very Large Extent
Large Extent
Small Extent
Very small Extent
No Extent N/A
This sport is developed as a com-petitive game e.g. in schools or for competition in national, regional and global events?
This sport has developed infrastructure (such as training facilities) countrywide?
This sport has !nancial support from the government?
This sport has !nancial support from private sector?
This sport is popular among the Kenyan public?
Kenya perfoms well globally in this sport
23. Do you play for a club? / Are you a member of a sports club?
Yes (Specify which one)
No
24. What are the benefits of playing for a club / being a member of a sports club?
a. b.
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
25. Are you aware of any private sector support to your sport?
Yes (Specify organization and type of support i.e. cash or in kind and estimated amounts or items donated in the last 2 years.)
No
26. Can one manage to have a decent livelihood from exclusively playing this sport?
Yes
No
27. What is your average monthly income (indicate in Kshs.) from playing that sport?
0-5000 5001-10,000
15,001-20,000 20,001-50,000
50,001-100,000 100,000 and above
28. Are you involved in formal/informal employment alongside your sport?
Yes (Specify type (formal or informal) and what you do e.g. banker, business person/where you work etc)
No
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Appendix II: Arts Questionnaire
Section A: Demographic Information of the Respondent
1. Name
2. E-mail Address
3. Phone Number
4. Age (tick the relevant age range)
11-15 16- 20 21-25
26-30 31-35 36-40
41-45 46-50 51-55
56-60 61-65 Other (Specify)
5. Gender: Male Female
6. Highest Level of Education
Primary
High school/ secondary
Tertiary College
University level (specify) PHD Masters Undergraduate
Other (Specify)
Instructions:
1. Please Check the preferred response and complete the blank spaces appropriately.
2. If you are !lling the questionnaire online kindly check the box, right click your mouse and select properties. Under Default values, click checked on the appropriate answer you would like to give and click ok. Ensure that there is a tick on the check box enabled, which you !nd under !eld settings.
3. In case you prefer to !ll in the questionnaire manually, kindly check or Tick the appropriate box.
4. If a question is not applicable to you as a respondent please write N/A on the relevant space
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
Section B: About Your Art
7. What kind of artiste are you?
Storyteller Visual Artist
Dancer Musician
Actor/Actress Comedian
Poet Dj
Artist (Specify e.g. painter, photographer)
Other (Specify)
8. Are you a full time or a part time artist?
Fulltime
Part-time (If part time what else do you do ? )
9. Where do you perform ?
TV Radio
Theatre Clubs
International festivals and organized events
10. At what age did you begin /discover your talent? E.g. 2 yrs
11. Of the following levels which ones best describe your coverage in regards to performance ?
Village /Estate Location
District level Provincial
National Africa
Internationally (Specify Country)
12. Have you packaged your work/recorded to sell to a wider audience in the past?
No Yes
a) If yes what have been the average profit realized?
b) How much did it cost to packaged your work/record ?
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
13. In order to measure extent to which this form of art has developed in Kenya, indicate to what extent:
Very Large Extent
Large Extent
Small Extent
Very small Extent
No Extent N/A
This form of art is promoted in schools through extra curricular activities e.g. Music Festivals
This form of art has Private & Public infrastruture countrywide (such as social halls and theatre halls)
This form of art has !nancial sup-port from the government?
This form of art has !nancial sup-port from the private sector?
This form of art is popular among the Kenyan public
Kenya has a high global ranking in this form of art
14. How would you categorize your performance?
Professional (specify where you developed your skills, below) Name specific training school and country where the school is located
Amateur (specify how you developed your skills, below) Name specific mentor(s)
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts
15. List other formal training facilities /schools you know in your form of art
Private: Public: a. a. b. b.
16. How much time do you spend on average per week rehersing? E.g. 10 hours
17. Are you aware of any private sector support to your form of art ?
Yes (Specify organization and type of support i.e. cash or in kind and estimated amounts or items donated in the last 2 years.)
No
18. What are the challenges you face in your area of entertainment?
a. b.
19. What can be done to overcome the challenges you encounter in your form of art?
a. b.
20. Can one manage to have a decent livelihood from exclusively engaging in your form of art?
Yes No
21. What is your average monthly income (indicate in Kshs.) from your performances?
0-5000 5001-10,000
15,001-20,000 20,001-50,000
50,001-100,000 100,000 and above
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Talent Development in Sports and Arts44