When I’m 60 years old, I’ll be bald.

Form

• Subject + Will + bare infinitive e.g. He will be famous. Will he be famous? He will not (won’t) be famous.

Use 1Predictions based on experience or intuition.

When I’m old, I will be completely bald.

Use 2 On – the – spot decisions

The phone is ringing.I will get it!

Use 3

Promises or threats

I promise I’ll never leave you!

Use 4

Offers or requests

Miss, will you help me?

Form: am/is/are going to + verb (base form)

e.g. I am going to be a pilot.

Intentions or plans

They are going to paint the house next Monday.

Predictions based on what we see

Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

When talking about pre-planned actions in the immediate future

use Present Continuous (especially with verbs that show

movement)I’m flying to London tomorrow morning.

WILL-future: Hypothesis, consequence of an action, unplanned or spontaneous actions, predictions based on what we think, promises or offers

Be GOING TO-future / Future of INTENTION: Decisions or intentions, predictions based on what we see at the moment of speaking.

WILL – BE GOING TO

• NOTE: Although these two tenses are, sometimes, interchangeable, they often express two different meanings as expressed before.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (progressive) for future: It is used when the action is definitively taken place; there is an appointment or a schedule.

PRESENT SIMPLE for future: It’s very frequently used for means of transport, cinema or theatre timetables, … .

PRESENT CONTINUOUS – PRESENT SIMPLE

• NOTE: Both are often used in connection with schedules, diaries and timetables.

• When they are used for future, the key words are “tomorrow, next week, …”

We use will + a verb for:

– general predictionsIn the future, most people will live in cities. They won’t live in the countryside.In the future, cars will use electricity. They won’t use petrol.

– spontaneous decisionsA I haven’t got time to phone Mr Smith.B It’s OK. I’ll phone him for you.

A These boxes are heavy.B I’ll help you.

The future: will18

We often use probably with will.

With a positive verb, probably goes after will and before the main verb.We’ll probably leave early in the morning.She’ll probably finish work at ten o’clock.I’ll probably see him tonight.NOT I’ll see probably him tonight.

With a negative verb, probably goes before won’t (will not).He probably won’t win the race.You probably won’t be there on time.They’ll probably won’t send us a postcard.NOT They won’t probably send us a postcard.

The future: probably18

We use be going to + a verb for:

– predictions when it’s clear now that something is certain in the future

Look at this maths problem. It’s going to be difficult.There’s ice on the road. Driving is going to be dangerous.Listen to the car. It isn’t going to start.The sky is clear. It isn’t going to rain.

– fixed plans and decisionsThey’re going to have a party next weekend. We’re going to go to the cinema this evening.He’s going to take a Spanish class.I’m going to start my new job next week.

The future: going to18

1 For verbs that end in -e, we remove the -e and add -ing.take  taking drive  drivingcome comingmove moving

2 For verbs with a short vowel and only one consonant, we double the consonant and add -ing.get  getting    stop  stoppinglet lettingwin winning

Present continuous: Spelling2

1 When the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, or -o, we add -es.miss missesrush rushesgo goescatch catches

2 When the verb ends in -y, we change the -y to -ies.hurry hurriesworry worriestry triesstudy studies

Present simple: Spelling2