Post on 02-Jun-2020
transcript
Taxonomy
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the grouping and naming of organisms
Biologists who study this are called taxonomists
How did it start?
People wanted to organizetheir world so they began grouping, or classifyingeverything they saw.
4
Classification
Classification is the grouping
things based upon their similarities.
How would you sort (classify)
silverware into groups?
Why classify living things?
To help us organize all the species of living things we discover . . .
A dog by any other name….
Canis familiaris
To give every species a name based on a standard methodso scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion
How many living things
(species) do you think are there
on Earth?
Scientist have identified over 2 million
but...
Scientist project that there are more likely
10 million species on Earth!!!!
(We just have not found them all yet.)
Imagine a room filled with every person in the
state of NY.
There may be some people from Nassau County
There may be some people from your town
There may be some people that live on your street.
You will be the only one that lives in your house.
#123
1st Street
Plainview
New York
Nassau
There may be some people from Nassau County
There may be some people from your town
There may be some people that live on your street.
You will be the only one that lives in your house.
The most general
group you belong to is the state.
The most specific group you belong to is
the house.
The more levels you share with others,
the more you have in
common.
The Seven Level System
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
KingPhillipCalledOprahForGoodSpices
Levels of Classification
K __________
P __________
C __________
O __________
F __________
G __________
S __________
How does it work?
There are 6 broad kingdomsEvery living thing that we know of fits into one of the six kingdomsEach level gets more specific as fewer organisms fit into any one group
Kingdoms
Any grouping of organisms into a kingdom is based on several factors:–Presence of a nucleus
–Unicellular or multi-cellular
–How organisms get their food.
The 6 Kingdoms–Archaebacteria
–Eubacteria
–Protists
–Fungi
–Plants
–Animals
18
Each living species can only belong to one Kingdom.
Now, within each Kingdom, species are further subdivided other categories. For each Kingdom, there are 6 levels of further classifications called “TAXA.”The Six “Taxa” from Largest Taxa to Smallest
1. Phylum
2. Class
3. Order
4. Family
5. Genus
6. Species
Organisms are grouped by
shared characteristics
Ursus maritimus
20
Six Taxa of all Kingdoms
Phylum:
This group is the largest of the 6 taxa.
Chordata = have a backbone
21
The “Class” is the second largest of
the Taxa after Phylum.
Polar bears, black bears, pandas,
foxes and squirrels all are in the
Class Mammals.
. Class: A class is a group of
similar “Orders.”
22
For example polar bears and black bears
belong to the same Order called Carnivora.
These animals are meat eaters.
Orders are smaller than
classes.
The organisms are more similar
to one another.
23
Family: is a group of similar genera.
For example: The bear, polar bears, black
bears, and pandas all are part of the Family
Ursidae.
This is the third smallest of the taxa.
24
Genus is a group of similar species.
This is the second smallest of the taxa.
For example grizzly bears belong to the
Genus Ursus.
25
Species, a group of organisms in a
population that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring.
This is the smallest and most specific of the
taxa.
Only one kind of organism is found in a
species.
Polar bears belong to the species maritimus.
Ursus maritimus
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist
Developed a 7-level (taxa) classification system based on similarities between organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms.
Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on their observable features.
Binomial Nomenclature
Bi means two
Nomen means name
A binomial nomenclature is a classification system using two names to identify an organism
An animal is known by two names…
Canis lupus is the scientific name for a gray wolf.
This system uses a binomial nomenclature
Genus…
Other animals in the Canisgroup include dogs and coyotesThe genus name is always Capitalized
Species...Only grey wolves are known as Canis lupus.The species name is always lowercase
Canis lupus
Canis lupusCanis familiaris
Quick Review
What are the seven taxa or levels?
Who designed the system?
What taxa are organisms named with?
Levels of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Organisms are
grouped by their
shared
characteristics.