ByMoaZZAM Ali Shahid

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*Phases in Glycolysis*Catabolism

Copyright Cmassengale

Occurs in Cytoplasm

Occurs in Matrix

Occurs across Cristae

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Some Important points

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The TCA Cycle(Citric Acid Cycle, Krebs Cycle)

• Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2

• Some ATP is produced

• More NADH is made

• NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport

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Enzyme Abbrev. Cofactor(s)

pyruvate dehydrogenase E1

TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate)

dihydrolipoyl transacetylase E2

lipoatecoenzyme A

dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase E3

FADNAD+

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Pyrvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH)Pyrvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH)

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acetyl CoAoxaloacetate

CoASH

citrate synthase

citrate

OH2

CH3 C

O

SCoA

C O

CH2C

O

COO

O

COO

CH2CCH2

C

OH C O

O

O O

+

citrate

aconitase

isocitrate

COO

CH2CCH2

C

OH C O

O

O O

COO

CHCHCH2C

C O

O

OO

OH

isocitrate

NAD NADH CO2

isocitrate dehydrogenase

alpha ketoglutarate

COO

CHCHCH2C

C O

O

OO

OH

COO

CCH2CH2

COO

O

alpha ketoglutarate

NAD NADHCoASH

CO2

succinyl CoA

alpha ketoglutaratedehydrogenase

COO

CCH2CH2

COO

OCCH2

CH2C

OO

OSCoA

succinyl CoA

GDP GTP CoASH

succinate

succinyl CoAsynthetase

CCH2

CH2C

OO

OSCoA

CCH2

CH2

COO

O O

succinate

FAD FADH2

succinyl CoAdehydrogenase

fumarate

CCH2

CH2

COO

OO

CC

CC

OO

O O

H

H

fumarate

OH2

malate

fumarase

CC

CC

OO

O O

H

H

CCH

CH2

COO

O

OH

O

oxaloacetatemalate

NAD NADH

malatedehydrogenase

CCH

CH2

COO

O

OH

O

C O

CH2C

O

COO

O

Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD +

GDP + Pi + 3 H2O →

CoA-SH + 3 NADH + H+ + FADH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 3 H+

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The sum of all reactions in the citric acid cycle is:

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All dehydrogenase reactions make

NADH or FADH2

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NAD =3 ATP

3

1

3

3

2

3

24

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The total ATP from aerobic Glycolysis will depend on which shuttle is used. These numbers are approximations

6ATP per glucose ( glycerol phosphate shuttle).

8 ATP per glucose ( malate Shuttle).

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Reference : Kaplan Harper Internet

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