Post on 01-Nov-2014
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Introduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to Teaching
Please silence all phones and pagers.Please silence all phones and pagers.
Field Experience
How did it go?
Articles• Article – 10 points• Format – 10 points• Introduction – 20 points• Body – 30 points• Conclusion – 20 points• Grammar – 10 points
Articles• “This report was very eye-
opening.”• “This surprised me because…”• “I support this article and agree
on…”• “Even though I feel the study was
unfair, I can still understand…”
Philosophy: a study of theories of knowledge, truth, existence, and
good
Theory: a set of related principles that are based on observation and
are used to explain additional observations
Philosophy of education: provides a framework for thinking about
educational issues, and it guides professional practice
How do I get one???
Teachers acquire a philosophical framework to
guide their practice by becoming knowledgeable
and reflective, which allows them to make professional decisions that promote as
much growth in their students as possible.
Traditional Schools of Philosophy
• 4 cohesive philosophies on which most educational decisions are based:– Idealism– Realism– Pragmatism– Existentialism
IdealismPlato, Greek Philosopher
• A traditional philosophy asserting that, because the physical world is constantly changing, ideas are the only reliable form of reality
Idealism and Teaching• Socratic method: questioning• Believe that teaching and learning
should focus on ideas. Teachers provide guidance by helping students become more precise and logical thinkers
• Criticized for being cold because it emphasizes the rational and logical over other dimensions of the human experience.
RealismAristotle, Greek
Philosopher
• Holds that the features of the universe exist whether or not a human being is there to perceive them
• There are important ideas and facts that must be understood and they can only be understood by studying the material world
Realism and Teaching• Curriculum emphasizes essentials like
math, science, reading, and writing• Teachers emphasize observation,
experimentation, and critical reasoning• De-emphasize feelings and other
personal factors• Criticized for failing to take the whole
person into account in the learning process
PragmatismJohn Dewey, American
Philosopher• A traditional philosophy that
rejects the idea of absolute, unchanging truth, instead asserting that truth is what works
Pragmatism and Teaching
• Experience and problem solving are key ideas
• More hands-on, concrete experiences than lecture
• Interdisciplinary problem solving• Criticized for emphasizing student
interests too strongly at the expense of essential knowledge
ExistentialismSartre, French
Philosopher• A traditional philosophy suggesting that
humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe; rather, individuals create their own realities in their own unique way
• View humanity as meaningless on a small, isolated planet in an uncertain universe where nothing is determined
Existentialism and Teaching
• Places primary emphasis on the individual. We teach a child, not math.
• Education is an individual’s search for personal understanding, not something to be tested on
• Learner-centered and nondirective approach
• Criticized for impossibility of total freedom in a society with rules
Schools of Philosophy• Idealism: A traditional philosophy asserting
that, because the physical world is constantly changing, ideas are the only reliable form of reality
• Realism: Holds that the features of the universe exist whether or not a human being is there to perceive them
• Pragmatism: A traditional philosophy that rejects the idea of absolute, unchanging truth, instead asserting that truth is what works
• Existentialism: A traditional philosophy suggesting that humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe; rather, individuals create their own realities in their own unique way
Which is closest to your beliefs as a student? A parent? A teacher? Discuss in your groups.
Philosophies of Education
• Perennialism• Essentialism• Progressivism• Postmodernism
Perennialism• An educational philosophy suggesting
that nature, including human nature, is constant
• Believe in rigorous intellectual curriculum for all students
• The extent to which students find their studies relevant isn’t crucial
• Criticized for being elitist
Essentialism• An educational philosophy suggesting
that there is a critical core of information that all people should possess.
• Back to the basic skills and academic subjects. Students should be able to master these subjects
• Criticize interdisciplinary teaching
Progressivism• An educational philosophy emphasizing
curricula that focus on real-world problem solving and individual development
• Hands-on, learner-centered, teacher as facilitator
• Also criticized for focusing too much on the child’s personal interest
Postmodernism• An educational philosophy that
contends that many of the institutions in our society, including schools, are used by those in power to control and marginalize those who lack power
• Study events from the view of the marginalized party’s perspective
©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Which most accurately describes your views of education, from the perspective of a real teacher? Comment on your paper.
Let’s watch the DVD segment referred to on
page 203.
Read pages 204-207 and create your own Philosophy of Education Statement. Be
sure to use philosophy names.
It should be typed, double spaced with standard fonts
and margins. Length is up to you, but less than one page
is not recommended.Exit: There is nothing more to turn in, but you need to stay until you have a handle on how to begin your paper.