TEACHING WIND ENERGYSYSTEMSJim Bandy Tarrant County College

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture Always Required Energy Inputsg y q gy pDraft Animals and Then FuelsEnergy to Manufacture Farm Equipment

S lf R li Mi i i d ISelf Reliance Minimized InputsMaintenanceRepairRepair“Field Engineering”Good with HandsAd & I iAdapt & ImproviseMake Do With What is On-Hand

AGRICULTURAL USES OF WIND ENERGY

Persia – Vertical Axis Grain Mill ~1100 A.DEuropean Horizontal Axis, 4 Blade Grain MillsAmerican Wind Machine

P i W t 19th C t US Wi d I d tPumping Water – 19th Century US Wind IndustryCharles Brush Added Generator 1889 in Ohio

First Propeller 1923 Elkhart IN1925 – 1935 Wind Industry Before Govt.

Jacobs Use 3 Blades, Pitch Control & DC GeneratorWindcharger and OthersWindcharger and Others

TMENRe-Emphasized Low Energy Inputs S ll & M di Si FSmall & Medium Size Farms

TRENDS

Wind Farm Energy Mostly to Metro Areasgy yLarge WECS

Variable Speed – “Wild” FrequencyRectifier – InvertersLow Voltage Ride-ThroughPower Factor Correction in InverterPower Factor Correction in Inverter

Small to Medium WECSFixed PitchDDPMM – Permanent Magnet Machines

Rare Earth Magnets – Highest Magnetic FluxDirect Drive Eliminates Gears, Belts or Chains

Transformerless Inverters

WEST TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY

Alternate Energy Institutegy

THE GRID

Deregulation Increased Complexityg p yUS Grid

Eastern AreaWestern AreaERCOT – Texas Grid

Power Flows by Laws of PhysicsPower Flows by Laws of PhysicsLike Water Taking Path of Least Resistance

THE SMART GRID

“Technological Achievement of the 21st Century”g yUsing Internet for Telemetry & Control

Higher Data RatesSecurity Risks

Utilities Always Used 2 Way Communication

TOPICS COVERED IN ELMT 1402 SOLARPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

Connectors, Wiring and Wring Devices, g gFuses and Circuit BreakersSystem Loads and Energy BudgetBatteries, Battery Charge Regulators & DC SystemsSt ti I tStatic InvertersGroundingNational Electric CodeNational Electric Code

TCC RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM

Insert RE AA Curriculum – Tightly Integrated

PrerequisitesTrigonometry & College AlgebraTrigonometry & College AlgebraBasic Computer Skills

Specific Order for Optimal LearningLabsLabs

RE Certificate – For Those WithOther DegreesE iExperience

WIND 2459 LECTURE OUTLINEI t d tiIntroductionHistory of Wind Energy Energy & Power Review – High Entropy PowerEnergy & Power Review High Entropy PowerBasics of Wind Energy and 3 Phase PowerProperties of WindWind Resource AssessmentEstimating OutputFinancial Modeling of Wind ProjectsFinancial Modeling of Wind ProjectsAerodynamics of Wind Turbine BladesWind Energy Conversion System ComponentsElectricity & GeneratorsConnecting Wind Turbines to the GridEnvironmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts

WIND 2459 COURSE NOTES INTRODUCTION

Technical Course Last Semester of 4 Semester Associates ProgramUses Algebra, Vectors, Geometry and TrigonometryIncludes Current Industry News & Topics Hands on Lab ExercisesUses ALL of Your Previous Electronics

LA

BV

Used for Weekly Labs V

OL

T-TR

& Projects –Improvements &R

AIN

ER

Modifications

DIY VS. TURNKEY

The Electric Code is Your Friend!Engineered Components or KitsScience & Vo-Tech Projects

DC VS. AC – AN OLD DEBATE

Many 12 VDC Appliances are Availabley ppExcessive Copper Required for 12 VDC SystemsLow Voltage DC Very Low Shock HazardDC Eliminates Multiple Stages of ConversionAC Appliances Standard

STANDALONE VS. GRID-CONNECTEDBATTERY STORAGE VS. NON-STORAGE

Some Inverters Will Not Operate Stand-AlonepBattery Storage is Required for Stand-Alone The Ability to Operate Stand-Alone With Storage is Recommended for Rural Areas

CONCLUSIONTechnology

Th F d t l W D i th 1930’The Fundamentals Were Done in the 1930’sPower Electronics Makes AC Easy

Microcontrollers Delay ObsolescenceFirmware updates replace mistakes & add FeaturesContol Hardware Updates using the Same Power Elec.

DDPMG reducesUptower Weight without Gears, Chains or BeltsReduces Major Mantenace

The Best Choice Is the One You Put Up & Use!The Best Choice Is the One You Put Up & Use!

BIBLIOGRAPHY, REFERENCES

Current TextPramrod Jain, Wind Energy Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York © 2011

P i T t Previous Text Paul Gipe, Wind Power, Renewable Energy for Home, Farm and Business, Chelsea Green, White River Junction, VT, © 2004

Contemporary Book – Small SystemsDan Chiras Power from the Wind Achieving Dan Chiras, Power from the Wind, Achieving Energy Independence, A Practical Guide to Small-Scale Energy Production, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island British Columbia Canada © 2009 Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada © 2009

BIBLIOGRAPHY, HISTORY

Historical – Known to be In PrintRobert W. Righter, Windfall : Wind Energy in America Today, University of Oklahoma Press, 2012 Robert W Righter University of Oklahoma PressRobert W. Righter, University of Oklahoma Press

Classics – Probably Not In Print