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Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 1
TCEQ 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study
Michael ReganSenior Technical Specialist, Air Quality Division
Presented to Technical Working Group for Mobile Source Emissions (TWG) February 4, 2021
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 2
Overview
• Background• Sampling Plan• COVID-19 Pandemic Considerations• Testing Parameters• Updated 2020 Fuel Parameters for Texas• Results for Temporal Variability Testing• Trends Analysis, 2003–2020• Final Report and Additional Information• Contact Information
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 3
Background
• Conducted every three years to coincide with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) emission inventory reporting years
• Quantifies the physical properties of gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in mobile source emissions inventories
• Findings used in air quality analyses for the Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP)
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 4
Sampling Plan
• Samples taken for each grade of gasoline – Regular, mid-grade, and premium
• Samples taken for ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel
• Sample locations based on Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) districts– 25 districts in Texas– 91 gasoline service stations sampled– 273 gasoline samples and 91 diesel samples
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 5
Sampling Plan
TxDOT Districts and Sampling Areas
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 6
Sampling Plan
• TxDOT districts with three locations sampled– Abilene, Amarillo, Atlanta, Brownwood, Bryan, Childress,
Corpus Christi, Laredo, Lubbock, Lufkin, Odessa, Paris, Pharr, San Angelo, Waco, Wichita Falls, Yoakum
• TxDOT districts with four locations sampled– Dallas, Fort Worth
• TxDOT districts with five locations sampled– Austin, Beaumont, El Paso, San Antonio, Tyler
• TxDOT district with seven locations sampled– Houston
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 7
COVID-19 Pandemic Considerations
• EPA issued national fuel waiver on March 27, 2020 due to reduced demand on fuel consumption as a result of nationwide stay-at-home orders
• Waiver allowed for non-compliant gasoline to be distributed and sold until stocks depleted
• Assumption made that some gasoline retail stations in Texas still had winter gasoline fuel in stock at June sampling
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 8
Testing Parameters
• Gasoline testing using current ASTM standards with all grades tested separately – Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) (ASTM D5191-19)– Sulfur (ASTM D2622-16)– Distillation (ASTM D86-18)– Benzene (ASTM D3606-19)– Total aromatics (ASTM D5769-15)– Olefins (ASTM D6550-15)– Oxygenates (ASTM D5599-18)– Detailed hydrocarbon analysis (ASTM D6729-14)
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 9
Testing Parameters
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 10
Testing Parameters
• Diesel testing using ASTM standards– Cetane number (ASTM D613-18a)– Calculated cetane index (ASTM D976-06 [2016])– API gravity (ASTM D287-12b)– Specific gravity (ASTM D1298-12b [2017])– Sulfur (ASTM D5453-19a)– Nitrogen (ASTM D4629-17)– Total aromatic content (ASTM D5186-19)– Polycyclic aromatic content (ASTM D5186-19)– Distillation (ASTM D86-18)– Flash point (ASTM D93-19)
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 11
Updated 2020 Fuel Parameters for Texas
Fuel Region RVP Sulfur(ppm)
Aromatics(% vol)
Olefins(% vol)
Benzene(% vol)
EtOH(% vol)
MTBE(% vol)
ETBE(% vol)
TAME(% vol)
E200(%)
E300(%)
100000000 9.20 8.31 14.72 11.55 0.66 9.54 0 0 0 59.79 90.431370011000 7.30 10.60 15.81 9.10 0.47 9.60 0 0 0 48.49 85.08178000000 7.50 8.17 27.19 5.47 0.65 9.60 0.00025 0 0 46.49 84.18178010000 7.77 8.63 22.22 8.69 0.58 9.56 0.000044 0 0 49.64 84.60300000000 9.34 8.04 22.60 9.77 0.68 8.96 0 0 0 53.34 85.68370010000 6.84 4.89 24.24 5.94 0.48 9.50 0 0 0 44.61 84.63
Average 7.99 8.11 21.13 8.42 0.59 9.46 0.000048 0 0 50.39 85.77 Min 6.84 4.89 14.72 5.47 0.47 8.96 — 0 0 44.61 84.18 Max 9.34 10.60 27.19 11.55 0.68 9.60 0.00025 0 0 59.79 90.43 Range 2.50 5.71 12.47 6.08 0.20 0.64 0.00025 0 0 15.18 6.25 Standard Deviation 1.037 1.84 4.88 2.32 0.089 0.25 0.00010 0 0 5.47 2.34
Gasoline Fuel Properties by Fuel Region (Summer 2020)
EtOH - ethanolETBE - ethyl tert-butyl etherMTBE - methyl tert-butyl etherTAME - tert-amyl methyl etherE200 - lower volatility percentageE300 - upper volatility percentage
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 12
Updated 2020 Fuel Parameters for Texas
Region Aromatics,% wt Sulfur, ppm Cetane No. Specific
Gravity T50, °F
100000000 12.85 2.10 54.93 0.83 513.301370011000 24.78 5.16 48.15 0.84 518.98178000000 24.04 3.69 45.97 0.84 497.00178010000 22.73 6.72 49.63 0.84 503.56300000000 21.83 5.65 50.21 0.84 501.38370010000 22.95 6.36 50.20 0.84 512.82
Average 21.53 4.95 49.85 0.84 507.84 Min 12.85 2.10 45.97 0.83 497.00 Max 24.78 6.72 54.93 0.84 518.98 Range 11.93 4.62 8.96 0.017 21.98Standard Deviation 4.38 1.75 2.97 0.0060 8.44
Diesel Fuel Properties by Fuel Region (Summer 2020)
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 13
Results from June/July Temporal Variability Testing - Houston Area
• Gasoline samples showed substantial overall variation between sample rounds– Largest overall decrease found for E200 and E300– Largest overall increase found for aromatics
• Diesel samples showed significant variation for diesel fuel aromatics values and sulfur levels across sampled stations– Aromatics values range from 9% decrease to 21%
increase but show a general overall increase– Sulfur values range from 13% decrease to 9% increase
but show a general overall decrease
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 14
Gasoline RVP Trends for Selected Districts
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 15
Gasoline Sulfur Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
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Gasoline Sulfur Trends (2011–2020)
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
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Gasoline Benzene Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 18
Gasoline Aromatics Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 19
Gasoline Olefins Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 20
Gasoline Oxygenates Trends, Ethanol
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 21
Gasoline Oxygenates Trends, MTBE
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 22
Gasoline Oxygenates Trends, ETBE
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 23
Gasoline Oxygenates Trends, TAME
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 24
Gasoline E200 Trends from Distillation Testing
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 25
Gasoline E300 Trends from Distillation Testing
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 26
Diesel Cetane Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 27
Diesel Specific Gravity Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 28
Diesel Sulfur Trends
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 29
Diesel Sulfur Trends (2011–2020)
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
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Diesel T50 Trends from Distillation Testing
Trends Analysis, 2003–2020
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 31
Final Report and Additional Information
• Air Quality Research and Contract Reports: On-Road Mobile Emissions Inventory (https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/airmod/project/pj_report_mob.html)– Final 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study– Data files for 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study– Summer Fuel Field Study reports for previous years – Information and reports concerning inventories of air-
pollutant emissions from on-road mobile sources
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 32
Contact Information
Michael P Regan, Senior Technical SpecialistAir Quality Planning Section
Air Quality DivisionMichael.Regan@tceq.texas.gov
Air Quality Division • 2020 Summer Fuel Field Study • MR • February 4, 2021 • Page 33
Air Quality Division
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