Post on 30-Dec-2015
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Terrorism defined…Terrorism defined…The calculated use of violence to
instill fear, intended to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of a goal.
The calculated use of violence to instill fear, intended to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of a goal.
Goals of TerrorismGoals of
TerrorismPolitical
TerrorismReligious
TerrorismIdeological
Terrorism
Political Terrorism
Religious Terrorism
Ideological Terrorism
Political TerrorismPolitical
TerrorismFocuses on
governments. Usually the terrorists disagree with a government.
Focuses on governments. Usually the terrorists disagree with a government.
ExamplesExamplesWorld Trade Center & Pentagon
bombings - 2001USS Cole bombing in Yemen - 2000U.S. Embassy attacks in Africa -
1998World Trade Center Bombing - 1993Bombing of U.S. Army Barracks in
Beiruit, Lebanon - 1983
World Trade Center & Pentagon bombings - 2001
USS Cole bombing in Yemen - 2000U.S. Embassy attacks in Africa -
1998World Trade Center Bombing - 1993Bombing of U.S. Army Barracks in
Beiruit, Lebanon - 1983
Religious TerrorismReligious Terrorism
Groups feel that their religion is the one true religion and others are false. Focuses on attacking other religious groups or non-religious groups who they feel try to undermine theirs.
Groups feel that their religion is the one true religion and others are false. Focuses on attacking other religious groups or non-religious groups who they feel try to undermine theirs.
ExamplesExamplesMiddle East: Jews vs.
Palestinians (Muslims)Hostage Crisis at Munich
Olympics - 1972Ireland: Catholics vs.
Protestants
Middle East: Jews vs. Palestinians (Muslims)
Hostage Crisis at Munich Olympics - 1972
Ireland: Catholics vs. Protestants
Ideological TerrorismIdeological Terrorism
Focuses on Beliefs, theories, and aims of a particular group. People commit terrorist acts because of their belief in a certain cause.
Focuses on Beliefs, theories, and aims of a particular group. People commit terrorist acts because of their belief in a certain cause.
ExamplesExamplesOklahoma City Federal Building
bombing - 1995Killing of Abortion DoctorsEnvironmental TerrorismMilitia Groups - unofficial
groups of armed civilians
Oklahoma City Federal Building bombing - 1995
Killing of Abortion DoctorsEnvironmental TerrorismMilitia Groups - unofficial
groups of armed civilians
Oklahoma City Bombing
Most common methods used by
Terrorists
Most common methods used by
TerroristsBombingsArmed AttacksAssassinationsKidnappings
BombingsArmed AttacksAssassinationsKidnappings
Why do they commit
acts of terror?
Why do they commit
acts of terror? Rational Motivation Actions --> Desired
result
Psychological Motivation Belief that their view
is right Need to belong Justification of their
own existence To be a “martyr”
Rational Motivation Actions --> Desired
result
Psychological Motivation Belief that their view
is right Need to belong Justification of their
own existence To be a “martyr”
Cultural Motivation Culture feels
threat to existence
Deeply rooted values in place
Cultural Motivation Culture feels
threat to existence
Deeply rooted values in place
Major Terrorist Groups
Major Terrorist Groups
Al-Qaeda: loosely knit group around worldHamas: Palestinian group opposed to IsraelHezbollah: Palestinian group opposed to
IsraelPLO: Palestine Liberation Organization**Each of these groups are fighting a holy
war or “jihad” IRA: Irish Republican Army: Irish Catholic
group whose aim is to get England out of Northern Ireland
Al-Qaeda: loosely knit group around worldHamas: Palestinian group opposed to IsraelHezbollah: Palestinian group opposed to
IsraelPLO: Palestine Liberation Organization**Each of these groups are fighting a holy
war or “jihad” IRA: Irish Republican Army: Irish Catholic
group whose aim is to get England out of Northern Ireland
Al-Qaeda
Hamas
Hezbollah
PLO
Irish Republican Army
Terrorism in the future
Terrorism in the future
Higher levels of violence Increased technological capabilitiesMore use of chemical & biological warfare
Chemical - toxins (mustard gas, nerve gas, etc)Biological - anthrax, plague, small pox, ebola
Ecological Terrorism I.e. blowing up dams, attacks on oil companies
Higher levels of violence Increased technological capabilitiesMore use of chemical & biological warfare
Chemical - toxins (mustard gas, nerve gas, etc)Biological - anthrax, plague, small pox, ebola
Ecological Terrorism I.e. blowing up dams, attacks on oil companies