T E S T O N T H U R S DAY , M A RC H 7

DNA REVIEW ANSWERS

QUESTION #1

•What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?• Sugar – deoxyribose• Phosphate group•Nitrogen base – A, G, C, or T

QUESTION #2

•During DNA replication, what will the complementary strand be if the parent strand is GCATTG?• CGTAAC

QUESTION #3

• What is the shape of a strand of DNA?•Double helix

QUESTION #4

•What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA?• Sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose•Uracil instead of thymine• Single-stranded instead of double

QUESTION #5

•Match the following.•mRNA – contains the code for making proteins• tRNA – bring the amino acids to the ribosome• rRNA – make up the main part of a ribosome

QUESTION #6

•What are introns?• Sections of RNA that do not code for the protein (“in the way”)

•What are exons?• Sections of RNA that do code for the protein (“expressed”)

QUESTION #7

•Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?• Cytosine, uracil, and thymine (CUT)

•Which one are purines?• Adenine and guanine

QUESTION #8

•What is transcription?•Making RNA from DNA

QUESTION #9

•What is translation?•Making the proteins from the mRNA (“translating the code”)

QUESTION #10

•Match the following.• Replication – making a copy of the DNA• Transcription – making RNA from DNA• Translation – making a protein from the mRNA

QUESTION #11

•Where in the cell does translation occur?• ribosomes

•Where in the cell does transcription occur?• nucleus

QUESTION #12

•Complete the following base pairing rules for DNA:• Adenine – thymine•Guanine – cytosine• Cytosine – guanine• Thymine – adenine

QUESTION #13

•How many bases make up a codon?• 3

QUESTION #14

•How many codons are needed to get 5 amino acids?• 5

QUESTION #15

•How many codons are there?• 64

•How many amino acids are there?• 20

QUESTION #16

• If you are given the DNA: GACCTTGGAACT, what would the mRNA be?• CUGGAACCUUGA

QUESTION #17

•Which amino acid has the codon UGC?• Cysteine (Cys)

QUESTION #18

•Which type of RNA has an anticodon?• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

QUESTION #19

•Match the following.• Insertion – an extra nucleotide is added•Deletion – a nucleotide is left out• Point mutation/substitution – one nucleotide is substituted for another

QUESTION #20

•The genetic code in DNA depends on the order of the bases.

QUESTION #21

•Match the following.•Watson & Crick – discovered the structure of DNA• Avery – showed that DNA is the transforming factor•Griffith – studied transformation in pneumonia

QUESTION #22

•What percentage of DNA codes for proteins/polypeptides?• 1-2%

QUESTION #23

•What is the anticodon for the codon UGC?• ACG

QUESTION #24

•What is the start codon in DNA?• TAC

QUESTION #25

•What is the start codon in RNA and what amino acid does it code for?• AUG•Methionine (Met)

QUESTION #26

•What does adenine pair with in RNA?• uracil

QUESTION #27

•Fill in the table below.

DNA RNA

Type of sugar deoxyribose ribose

Nitrogen bases A, G, C, T A, G, C, U

Single or double stranded

double single