Testing Urine with a Urine Reagent Strip PP6. Specimen Containers Variety available Most are clear,...

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Testing Urine with a Urine Reagent Strip

Specimen Containers

• Variety available• Most are clear, calibrated in mL and

disposable• Have secure lid • nonsterile or sterile• Must be labeled with pt. name, date, time

of collection and test ordered.

3.01 Understand Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services

Urine Tests

• Used to determine the physical condition of a pt

• Abnormal –often 1st indicator of disease process

Urinalysis

• An examination of urine • Should be fresh and warm • Examine within 1 hr from collection

– Three areas of testing• Physical• Chemical• Microscopic

Physical testing

• Usually done 1st

• Consists of observing and recording color, odor, transparency and specific gravity

• Specific Gravity 1.005 -1.030

• Specimen should be fresh and mixed gently prior to being checked

Chemical testing

• Urine reagent strips• Used to check pH, glucose, albumin

(protein), acetones, ketones, blood, white blood cells, red blood cells, bilirubin, urobilinogen

Microscopic Testing

• Done to examine formed elements in the urine by using a centrifuge

• Sediment is the examined under a microscope

Using Reagent Strips to Test Urine

• Dipstick test• Many types available, all work on same basic

principles• Firm, plastic strips that have smallpads

containing chemical reactants• Each pad reacts to a specific substance• If substance is present pad will change color

and some indicate measurement of amount

Using Reagent Strips to Test Urine

• Sensitive to heat, light and moisture• Must be stored in a dry, cool, dark area• Must be closed immediately after use• Do not touch pads on strips- may cause

inaccurate results or skin injury• Have expiration date

Urine pH• A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of

urine• Neutral pH is 7• <7 indicates acidic urine• >7 indicates alkaline urine• Usually acidic with pH of 5.5 -8.0• Diet, meds, renal disease, starvation and

diabetes effect pH

Protein

• Retained in the blood• Not normally found in urine (proteinuria)• May be indicative of kidney disease

Glucose

• Not normally found in urine• If blood sugar is high, will be excreted in

urine (glycosuria)• Indicative of diabetes

Ketones and acetones

• End products of the metabolism of fat in the body (ketonuria)

• Not normally found in urine • Indicative of diabetes, starvation, fasting,

dieting, high-fat diet, metabolic disorders

Blood• Not normally found in urine• Normal if menstruating• Indicative of injury, infection, renal disease

or UTI (hematuria)

Bilirubin

• Breakdown product of hemoglobin on RBCs – usually eliminated through the intestines (bilirubinuria)

• Not normally found in urine• Indicative of liver disease

– Hepatitis– Bile duct obstruction

Urobilinogen

• Bilirubin that has been converted by intestinal bacteria – usually excreted by intestines

• Small amounts 0.1-1.0 (EU) Ehrlich units/dL is normal

• Large amounts are indicative of heart, spleen, liver or hemolytic disease

Phenylalanine (Phe)

• An amino acid (protein) excreted in urine when not metabolized by the body

• Indicative of PKU (phenylketonuria)– Congenital disease which causes mental

retardation if not detected early– best tx for PKU is a diet of low-protein foods

• Most states require PKU blood/urine test for all newborns

Testing Urine with a Urine Reagent Strip

• Read instructions carefully when using any type of reagent strip

• Color comparison chart is located on bottle• Clarify time performed and read• Use adequate light• Perform quality control checks

Testing Urine with a Urine Reagent Strip PP6. Specimen Containers Variety available Most are clear,...

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