Post on 14-Nov-2014
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The Americas Before and After the
EuropeansAn Introduction to the
Colonial Unit
Part I: The Americas Pre-1492American Settlement Timeline
Native American Tribes
Who was here? Mound
Builders—Built about 1000 years before the Egyptian pyramids
AnasaziCliff
Dwellers(Utah, NM, Colorado, Arizona)
Iroquois Long House (Upstate New York)
Interior
Teepee
In NJ, the Lenape
Indians, a branch of
the Delaware
tribe
So from thousands of years ago until Columbus, America had thousands of
Indian tribes and subgroups….
MEANWHILE IN EUROPE …
Europe’s governments were mostly feudal…
• Kings ruled the countries
• Kings gave land to lords to help them run the country
• Lords hired knights to protect the land
• Peasants farmed the land in exchange for a place to stay.
Lords
Simplified!
The Catholic Church
• The only unifying power among the people in the kingdoms
• Everyone believed what the Church said
Then, at the end of the Middle Ages…
– The Renaissance Period (1400-1600): the rebirth of humanism•The Printing Press and
increased literacy •Advances in science,
mathematics, and arts•Excitement to learn
about the world
Still, the Church has a lot of power!
– The Spanish Inquisition-• Began in Spain in 1480•Spread of Catholicism; Persecution of Jews
and Muslims• Idea that wealth and power is key to heaven•Cruel Punishments: People who were
suspected of ‘criminal’ acts, depending on the crime, faced severe punishment. The most merciful was being hanged. Other punishments ranged from cutting off criminals’ heads, arms, legs, hands, or feet to being burned at the stake in front of large audiences.
Christófo Colón [1451-1506]Christófo Colón [1451-1506]
Italian who sailed for Spain. Trip was financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Sailed the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria.
What Columbus Saw Upon Arrival
What Columbus Saw
Columbus Lands
• http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/episode/america-before-columbus-3788/Overview#tab-Videos/07533_00
The Native peoples of the first voyage…
the ArawaksAccording to the journalColumbus kept:
October 12, 1492: They were very well-built people, with handsome
bodies and very fine faces, though their appearance is marred somewhat by very broad heads and foreheads…Their eyes are large and very pretty, and their skin is the color of Canary Islanders…They are in fact well proportioned.
October 13, 1492:I cannot get over how docile these people are. They have so little to give but will give it all for whatever we give them, if only broken pieces of glass and crockery.
Although Columbus
viewed the
Natives favorably,
his motives for them were not
October 12, 1492:They ought to
make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly what we say to them. I think they can easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases Our Lord, I will take six of them to your Highness when I depart
Columbus’ Four VoyagesColumbus’ Four Voyages
Now Other Explorers…Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c (1500’s)
Now Other Explorers…Ferdinand Magellan & the First
Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c (1500’s)
ExploratioExploration is Fun! n is Fun! In search In search
of “El of “El Dorado”Dorado”
ExploratioExploration is Fun! n is Fun! In search In search
of “El of “El Dorado”Dorado”
What was the impact of all of these voyages?
• Set up a new global, interdependent economy:– Europe: provided markets, money and
technology– Africa: labor (slaves)– New World: Raw materials
The “Columbian Exchange” is Born!
The “Columbian Exchange” is Born! Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
“A New World” for those Europeans in search of riches,
freedom and a new life to settle in has been discovered
Settlements form…Sometimes It Went Well…
The First Thanksgiving, Plymouth Colony, 1621
Sometimes it Didn’t…
Jamestown Massacre, 1622
But it Brings Us to Our Next Unit…
The Thirteen Colonies