The Chemistry of LifeThe Chemistry of Life

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Basics of ChemistryBasics of Chemistry•The cell is a The cell is a complex chemicalcomplex chemical

factoryfactory..

• It is made of It is made of atomsatoms, , elementselements, , compoundscompounds, and , and moleculesmolecules..

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The AtomThe Atom• Living and non-living things are made Living and non-living things are made

up of atoms.up of atoms.• The center core of the atom is the The center core of the atom is the

nucleusnucleus..• The nucleus is made up of particles The nucleus is made up of particles

called called protonsprotons (+ charge), and (+ charge), and neutronsneutrons (neutral charge). (neutral charge).

• ElectronsElectrons (- charged) revolve around (- charged) revolve around the nucleus.the nucleus.

• Electrons move in different levels called Electrons move in different levels called shellsshells, or , or orbitsorbits..

• # electrons = # protons# electrons = # protons..

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ElementsElements• An element is a substance An element is a substance

made up of only made up of only oneone kindkind ofof atomatom..

• There are over 110 elements There are over 110 elements (92 occur naturally- the others (92 occur naturally- the others are man made).are man made).

• Elements Elements can’tcan’t be broken be broken downdown..

• Each element is represented by Each element is represented by a a symbolsymbol (one/ or two letters). (one/ or two letters).

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CompoundsCompounds• Compounds are formed when Compounds are formed when

two or more elements aretwo or more elements are chemically combinedchemically combined. .

• Elements combine to form Elements combine to form compounds by a process called compounds by a process called chemical bondingchemical bonding..

• Bonds occur by the Bonds occur by the sharing sharing (covalent)(covalent) or or transferringtransferring (ionic)(ionic) of electrons between of electrons between atoms.atoms.

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MoleculesMolecules• It is the It is the smallestsmallest partpart of an of an

element or compound.element or compound.• It is capable of It is capable of independentindependent

motionmotion..• It is made up of definite It is made up of definite

numbers and kinds of atoms numbers and kinds of atoms bondedbonded together. together.

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IonsIons• An ion is an atom that has An ion is an atom that has

lostlost or or gainedgained electronselectrons..• The atom has become The atom has become

electronicallyelectronically chargedcharged..• Chemical bonds formed by Chemical bonds formed by

losing or gaining electrons losing or gaining electrons are called are called ionicionic bondsbonds..

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Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds

• These bonds are formed These bonds are formed when electrons are when electrons are sharedshared..

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Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas

• A chemical formula A chemical formula represents the represents the chemicalchemical makeupmakeup of a compound. of a compound.

• It shows the It shows the kindskinds, , numbersnumbers, , and and arrangementsarrangements of of atomsatoms (structural formula).(structural formula).

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EquationsEquations• Equations are used to describe Equations are used to describe

chemicalchemical reactionsreactions..• The substances that The substances that startstart the the

reaction are called the reaction are called the reactantsreactants (left side of equation).(left side of equation).

• The substances made by the The substances made by the reaction are called the reaction are called the productsproducts (right side of the equation).(right side of the equation).

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• Answer questions 1-5 on Answer questions 1-5 on page 90 in UPCO.page 90 in UPCO.

Organic and Inorganic Organic and Inorganic CompoundsCompounds

• InorganicInorganic compounds do compounds do notnot contain contain hydrogenhydrogen and and carboncarbon..

• OrganicOrganic compounds compounds dodo contain both contain both carboncarbon and and hydrogenhydrogen..

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Let’s go to the Video!Let’s go to the Video!

Video: One More Time!Video: One More Time!

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