Post on 05-Mar-2018
transcript
26.09.2012 Seite 1 Page 1
The Climate Context of Bioenergy in
Indonesia: Options and Challenges
Bio-energy, CCS and BECCS: Options for Indonesia
Expert Meeting: Exploring International funding Mechanisms
Jakarta, September 22, 2012
Dr. Dieter Brulez
Coordinator Climate Change and Sustainable Development
Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit - GIZ
26.09.2012 Seite 3 Page 3
Sector
allocations Forestry + Peat Agriculture
Power -
energy Transport Waste Industry
Actions
now
RPJM, sector strategic 5 year plans
REDD+
Mitigation targets compared to BAU in 2020:
without international support - 26%
with int. support
- 41% MRV international MRV domestic
National Action Plan on GHG emission reduction (RAN-GRK)
26.09.2012 Seite 4 Page 4
Sector Emission Reduction
(Giga ton CO2e)
Total Action Plan
26% 15%
(Total 41%)
Forestry and Peat Land
0.672 0.367 1.039 • Forest and land fire control,
• Water network management,
• Forest (HTI, HR) and land rehabilitation,
• Illegal logging eradication,
• Avoidance of deforestation,
• Public empowerment.
Waste 0.048 0.030 0.078 • Waste and 3R management
• Integrated waste management in rural areas
Agriculture 0.008 0.003 0.011 • Intros low-emission rice varieties,
• Efficiency of irrigation water,
• Organic fertilizer
Industry 0.001 0.004 0.005 • Energy efficiency,
• Renewable energy utilization, etc
Energy and Transportation
0.038 0.018 0.056 • Biofuel utilization,
• High efficiency standard for oil engine,
• Quality of road and mass transportation,
• Demand Side Management,
• Energy efficiency,
• Renewable energy development
Total 0.767 0.422 1.189
GHGS EMISSION REDUCTION PLAN IN INDONESIA
26.09.2012 Seite 5 Page 5 26.09.2012
The RAN-GRK Process Sept 2011 until now
• Presidential Decree 61/2011 in September 2011 anounced
• Bappenas established RAN-GRK Sekretariat
• Capacity Building for all 33 Provinces took place in the first
6 months
• How to establish the dynamic baseline
• How to outline the plans, how to use the various models:
• Energy sector: LEAP model
• land-based sector: LUWES model
• Waste: Simple-model
• Provinces coordinate and set up their plans with
consultation of their respective districts (bottom up
approach)
Where are we now one year later?
• only 9 provinces have finished their plans
What is still needed?
• Review of the plans (correctness, gaps, next steps of
priority setting comparison, follow up actions)
26.09.2012 Seite 6 Page 6 26.09.2012
Challenges already foreseen:
• Very few energy related projects in the plan
• Energy efficiency options in industry do not
tap potentials
• Feasibility of many proposal are doubtful,
Relation to GHG Reduction targets speculative
26.09.2012 Seite 7 Page 7
GIZ own estimates for biomass related energy projects
Sector Production Resources Power capacity
potentiala
Palm oil mills 20 million ton
CPO
Shell, EFB,
biogas from
POME
> 4500 MW
Sugar mills 35 million ton
crushed cane
Bagasse > 800 MW
Rice mills 68 million ton
paddy
Rice husk > 1500 MW
Tapioca
processing
220 plants ?
(capacity: 400 –
800 ton ?
cassava/day)
Biogas from
waste water
≈ 500 MW
a = own early estimation
26.09.2012 Seite 8 Page 8
Waste to Energy: Example Palm Oil
FFibers 4.6 MW
Shells 2.7 MW
EFB 2.3 MW
Biogas 1MW
Electricity Generation Potential = 10 MWel
another 7 MW from waste in plantation
now 0.7 MW
26.09.2012 Seite 9 Page 9
Technology Options
Biomass to Energy
covered lagoon with agitator
tank reactor with new catalyst
organic rankine cycle
HP steam turbine for bagasse utilization
dry fermentation
EFB gasification
cogeneration on and off grid
Steps to eco-efficiency in palm oil mills
Improved use in
Steam turbine
Biogas plant
CHP gas engine
LP cond. turbine
Condensing
Turbine
Power plant
All residues
ESCO, IPP
now Investment & operation by mill
Investment &
Operation by
ESCO, IPP 300 kW
1 MW
4 MW
10 MW
Attractive
Feed-in Tariff
Saving shells
& kWh from electricity comp
based on existing boiler technology
Example from Thailand (E3Agro Project)
Valid also for Indonesia
26.09.2012 Seite 11 Page 11
Potential benefits
Streamlined procedures lead to reduced cost and
accelerated dissemination of RE
Reduced fossil fuels, increased energy security
Cost reduction for national utility PLN
Reduction of green house gas emissions
Better energy supply for rural areas
Higher productivity for agro-industry
Development of Indonesia’s RE sector
Job creation in the RE sector
Innovation and market development
26.09.2012
26.09.2012 Seite 12 Page 12
Why are the potentials not tapped?
No options and link made to reduce green house gas
emissions
No regulation and support procedures / incentives for
Agro-Industries are available to become more efficient and
to use their own waste
The ongoing consequences:
high energy production cost for industries and PLN, low
productivity of industries, low competiveness
Energy supply for rural areas is heavily based still on fossil
fuels and energy security is low
Indonesia’s RE sector nearly non-existent
Clever people start to export the waste to other countries
26.09.2012
26.09.2012 Seite 13 Page 13
The Feed-in Tariff relates to PLN Generation Cost per Region
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Northern Sumatera
Southern Sumatera
Jamali
West Kalimantan
S&C Kalimantan
N & C Sulawesi & Gorontalo
S, SE, W Sulawesi
Maluku & North Maluku
NTB
NTT
Papua & West Papua
Rp/kWh Calculated from Statistics of PLN 2011
Only Jamali and southern
Sumatera region
have generation cost
below 1,000 Rp/kWh
Example:
Feed-in Tariff per KWh for
• Biomass between 975 – 1325 Rp.
• Municipal Waste 850 – 1398 Rp.
26.09.2012 Seite 14 Page 14 26.09.2012
Next steps in 2012 / 2013
• Min of Finance: Elaborate Financial Scemes
for the RAN-GRK Implementation
• Bappenas: Make the ICCTF fit for the
matching funds
• Provinces and Districts: Intergrate approved
plans into the budget plans
• Line ministries: provide additional
incentives to speed up implementation
26.09.2012 Seite 15 Page 15 26.09.2012
But is that enough? What could
be additionally done?
• Min of Finance: Outline an incentive sceme
based on the GHG Reduction and carbon foot
print reduction
• Ministry of Industry/ Min of Energy: Use
Voluntary partnership agreements between
Government and Industries to finance good
examples
• Donors: Finance pilot project for BECCS
26.09.2012 Seite 16 Page 16
Terima Kasih