The Complex History of Sustainability

Post on 24-Mar-2016

215 views 0 download

Tags:

description

Did you know that the term Sustainability first appeared in a German forestry manual in the 1700s? Did you know that some people feel paranoid about an alleged conspiracy plan of world domination behind global warming? What did French philosophers in the Seventies think about ecology? Discover all the different attitudes of humans towards Nature throughout history. Learn more on the architect’s approach to environmental design and get inspiration from a wide utopian fiction bibliography! Impress your friends with a full set of fresh notions! The Complex History of Sustainability is a timeline of trends, authors, projects and fiction made by Amir Djalali, with Piet Vollaard.

transcript

MORAL

POLITICAL

BIOPHYSICALECONOMICAL

ARCHITECTURE PROJECTSTECHNOCRATICAL

FICTION MOVIES BOOKS GAMES

BEAUROCRATICAL

1000 1500

1000 1500 1600 1700 1760 1780 1800 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1960 1972 1976 1980 1988 1992 1996 2000 2020 2040

1600 1700 1760 1780 1800 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1960 1972 1976 1980 1988 1992 1996 2000 2020 2040

20

40

60

80

100

0

- 0.2

+ 0.2

+ 0.4

+ 0.6

- 0.4

- 0.6

+ 0.8

- 0.8

2

4

6

BIL

LIO

NW

OR

LD P

OP

ULA

TIO

N

OIL

PR

ICES

GLO

BA

L TE

MP

ERAT

UR

E R

ECO

RD

°C

$

8

ECO-ANARCHISTANARCOPRIMITIVIST

ECO-SOCIALIST

ECO-FEMINISTECO MARXIST

TRANSPERSONAL ECOLOGISTNON ANTHROPOCENTRIC

NEW AGEIST

DEEP ECOLOGIST

BIOGENETIC LUDDITENEO LUDDITE

ECOPHENOMENOLOGIST

DECONSTRUCTIONIST

LUDDITE

EVOLUTIONIST

THERMODYNAMIC

ECO NAZI

STATIONARY STATE ECONOIMCS

ECOLOGIST

SYSTEMS THEORISTCYBERNETIC

BIO ECONOMIC

BIOMIMICIST

PERMACULTURIST

ANTI DEVELOPMENTALIST

POST STRUCTURALISTANTI/NATURE ECOLOGIST

ANTIESSENTIALIST

TERRITORIALIST

BIOREGIONALIST

WELFARE ECONOMIST

TECHNO-UTOPISTPOSITIVISTENLIGHTED

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTALIST

GLOBAL WARMING DENIALIST

LIBERTARIAN TRANSHUMANIST NEO EUGENIC

GLOBAL WARMING CONSPIRACY THEORIST

MALTHUSIAN NEO MALTHUSIAN FREE MARKET ECOLOGIST

ALTERNATIVE TECHNO ECOLOGIST

ROMANTIC

MILLENARIANIST

MECHANICIST

VERNACULAR

NEO MILLENARIANISTNEO-NAZI NEO NEO-NAZI

THOMAS MALTHUS

RENE DESCARTESGOTTFRIED LEIBNIZGALILEO GALILEI

ISAAC NEWTON

AUGUSTE COMTE

VOLTAIRE

JAMES CLERK MAXWELLPIERRE-SIMON LAPLACE ALBERT EINSTEINMAX PLANCK

FRANCIS BACON

BARUCH SPINOZA

CHARLES DARWIN

ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE

EUGENIUS WARMING

D’ARCY WENTWORTH THOMPSON

HOWARD T. ODUM

PATRICK GEDDES

HENRY DAVID THOREAURALPH WALDO EMERSON

GENERAL LUDDCAPTAIN SWING

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU WOLFGANG GOETHEGIACOMO LEOPARDI

ERNST HAECKELALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT

WILLIAM MORRIS

JANE JACOBS

RUDOLF BAHRO

PETER BERG RAYMOND DASMANN

ALEKSANDR BOGDANOV

ST. FRANCIS OF ASSISI

LEWIS MUMFORD

JOHN RUSKIN

GEORGE PERKINS MARSH

RUDOLPH CLAUSIUS

GARRETT HARDIN

PAUL EHRLICH

STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE

BARBARA WARDMAURICE STRONG

JOHN MCCONNELLEARTH DAY

BRUNTLAND COMMISSION RIO EARTH SUMMIT

HANNOVER PRINCIPLES EXPO2000

KYOTO CONFERENCE

JOHANNESBURG EARTH SUMMIT

PATRICK MICHAELS

2005 WORLD SUMMITLIVE AID

LIVE 8 LIVE EARTH

WILLIAM MCDONOUGHMICHAEL BRAUNGART

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALSAL GORE

BJORN LOMBORGRONALD BAILEY GLENN REYNOLDS

CLUB OF ROME

CECIL PIGOU FRITZ SCHUMACHER

KENNETH BOULDING

BARRY COMMONER

KENNETH E. BOULDING

JOHN STUART MILL

GEORG AGRICOLAMATTHEW HALEWILLIAM PETTY

HANS CARL VON CARLOWITZWILHELM GOTTFRIED MOSER

WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS GIFFORD PINCHOT

JOHN MCHALE

GREGORY BATESONNIKLAS LUHMANNMARGARET MEAD

NORBERT WIENERJOHN VON NEUMANN

LUDWIG VON BERTALANFFY

WILLIAM VOGT

KARL W. KAPP

THEODOR ADORNO HANNAH ARENDTMAX HORKHEIMER

IGNACY SACHS

ILYA PRIGOGINE

NICHOLAS GEORGESCU-ROEGEN

HERMAN DALY

SERGE LATOUCHE

VANDANA SHIVA

WOLFGANG SACHS

JEREMY RIFKIN

FRANCISCO VARELAHUMBERTO MATURANA

FELIX GUATTARI

GILLES DELEUZE

THE FRENCH GROUP

MICHEL FOUCAULT

ARTURO ESCOBAR NEUROGREENREKOMBINANT

JACQUES DERRIDA

ERAZIM KOHAKNEIL EVERNDEN

JAMES LOVELOCKWARWICH FOX

JOANNA MACY

SCIENTOLOGY

THEODOR KACZYNSKIJOHN ZERZAN

STEWART BRAND

DERRICK JENSEN

SLAVOJ ZIZEK

CENTER FOR BITS AND ATOMS

BILL MOLLISONDAVID HOLMGRENMASANOBU FUKUOKA

MICHAEL HOUGHPETER NEWMANJEFFREY KENWORTHY

PETER TRUMMER

TIMOTY MORTON

JOHN FERNANDEZ

JOHN THACKARA

JOHN BELLAMY FOSTERPAUL BURKETT

ALBERTO MAGNAGHI

CHELLIS GLENDINNING

FRANCOISE D’EAUBONNECAROLYN MERCHANT

IVAN ILLICH

EDWARD GOLDSMITH

MURRAY BOOKCHINJACQUES ELLUL

RACHEL CARSON

LYNN TOWNSEND WHITE ARNE NAESS

WENDELL BARRY

HANS JONASMARTIN HEIDEGGER

JACQUES ELLUL

MICHAEL CHRICHTON

SAVITRI DEVIJULIUS EVOLA

ROBIN HOODPOOR KONRAD

EBENEZER HOWARD

RICHARD BUCKMINSTER FULLER

LE CORBUSIERIVAN LEONIDOV

KONRAD WACHSMANN

METABOLISTS

FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

OTTO FREI

LIEBERECHT MIGGE

ARUP

MIKE REYNOLDS

KEN YEANGPIET VOLLAARD

RENZO PIANO

GLENN MURCUTTJAMES CUTLER

PAOLO SOLERILUCIEN KROLL

IAN MCHARG

CONSTANTINOS A. DOXIADIS THEO JANSEN

PETER CALTHORPESYM VAN DER RYN

LEON KRIERHASSAN FATHI

CHARLES PRINCE OF WALES

STEFANO BOERI

LOUIS LE ROYCHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER

AR

K B

IOS

HEL

TER

(19

76)

AR

CO

SA

NTI

(19

70)

LIZ

CH

RIS

TY C

OM

MU

NIT

Y G

AR

DEN

(19

70)

AR

CO

LOG

Y (

1969

)W

HO

LE E

ART

H C

ATA

LOG

UE

(196

8)

BIO

NIC

TO

WER

SH

AN

GH

AI (

2015

)

SH

IMZ

U M

EGA

CIT

Y P

YR

AM

ID (

2004

)

OLD

MA

N R

IVER

CIT

Y P

RO

JEC

T (1

971)

SK

Y C

ITY

100

0 (1

989)

MEN

AR

A M

ESN

IAG

A B

UIL

DIN

G (

1992

)

LIN

Z D

ESIG

N C

ENTE

R (

1994

)

LIG

HT

UR

BA

NIS

M (

1996

)

R12

8 (2

000)

LON

DO

N G

ATEW

AY

CP

UL

(200

5)D

ON

GTA

N (

2005

-204

0)

MA

SD

AR

(20

07-2

023)

THE

EDEN

PR

OJE

CT

(200

5)

DU

TCH

PA

VIL

ION

AT

HA

NN

OV

ER E

XP

O (

2000

)

LA B

OLL

A (

1992

)

JEA

N M

AR

IE T

JIB

AO

U C

ULT

UR

AL

CEN

TER

(19

91-1

998)

BIO

SP

HER

E 2

(199

1)

GR

EEN

BU

ILD

ING

(19

90)

PU

LMA

NN

CIT

Y (

1880

)

LETC

HW

ORT

H G

AR

DEN

CIT

Y (

1903

)

LIB

ERTY

GA

RD

ENS

(19

15-1

918)

GR

EAT

CO

NS

ERVA

TORY

CH

ATS

WO

RTH

(18

37)

FOR

EST

HIL

LS G

AR

DEN

S (

1908

)H

ELLE

RA

U (

1914

)

WEL

VY

N G

AR

DEN

CIT

Y (

1920

)

VIC

TORY

GA

RD

ENS

(19

40-1

945)

SU

N S

PAN

HO

US

E (1

949)

SPA

CIA

L C

ITY

(19

58)

BIO

S 1

-3 (

1965

-197

2)IN

VEN

TORY

OF

WO

RLD

RES

OU

RC

ES (

1963

)

GEO

DES

IC D

OM

E AT

EX

PO

67 (

1967

)D

RO

P C

ITY

(19

65)

GEO

DES

IC D

OM

E O

VER

MA

NH

ATTA

N (

1962

)

BR

OA

DA

CR

E C

ITY

(19

32)

PO

TATO

PAT

CH

ES (

1929

)D

YM

AX

ION

HO

US

E (1

928)

SA

BA

UD

IA (

1934

)TA

LIES

IN W

EST

(193

7)

PALO

MA

R (

1982

)

BR

AV

E N

EW W

OR

LD (

1932

)FR

AN

KEN

STE

IN (

1931

)

DER

GO

LEM

, WIE

ER

IN D

IE W

ELT

KA

M (

1920

)

DE

KLE

INE

JOH

AN

NES

(18

85)

TWEN

TY T

HO

US

AN

D L

EAG

UES

UN

DER

TH

E S

EA (

1870

)

JOU

RN

EY T

O T

HE

CEN

TER

OF

THE

EART

H (

1864

)

WA

LDEN

(18

54)

LA G

INES

TRA

(18

36)

FAU

ST

(182

8)

FRA

NK

ENS

TEIN

(18

18)

WIL

HEL

M M

EIS

TER

’S A

PP

REN

TIC

ESH

IP (

1795

)

CA

ND

IDE

OU

L’O

PTI

MIS

ME

(175

9)

RO

BIN

SO

N C

RU

SO

E (1

719)

DIA

LOG

O S

OP

RA

I D

UE

MA

SS

IMI S

ISTE

MI (

1632

)TH

E N

EW A

TLA

NTI

S (

1627

)TH

E TR

AG

ICA

L H

ISTO

RY O

F D

OC

TOR

FA

US

TUS

(16

04)

LA C

ITTA

’ DEL

SO

LE (

1602

)

UTO

PIA

(15

07)

EMIL

E, O

U D

E L’

EDU

CAT

ION

(17

62)

PET

ITE

CO

SM

OG

ON

IE P

ORT

ATIV

E (1

950)

DO

CTO

R F

AU

STU

S (

1947

)

SA

N F

RA

NC

ISC

O (

1936

)K

ING

KO

NG

(19

33)

STA

TE O

F FE

AR

(20

04)

BIO

SH

OC

K (

2008

)B

UR

N U

P (

2008

)W

ALL

-E (

2008

)TH

E EL

EVEN

TH H

OU

R (

2007

)FR

EE K

AR

MA

FO

OD

(20

06)

I AM

LEG

END

(20

07)

THE

DA

Y A

FTER

TO

MO

RR

OW

(20

04)

DER

SC

HW

AR

M (

2004

)TH

E P

ERFE

CT

STO

RM

(20

00)

GO

DZ

ILLA

(19

98)

GAT

TAC

A (

1997

)

RES

IDEN

T EV

IL (

1996

)Z

OD

IAC

(19

96)

WAT

ERW

OR

LD (

1995

)12

MO

NK

EYS

(19

95)

MA

RS

TR

ILO

GY

(19

92-1

996)

SIM

EA

RTH

(19

90)

JUR

AS

SIC

PA

RK

(19

90)

EDG

E O

F D

AR

KN

ESS

(19

85)

DU

NE

(198

4)

BLA

DE

RU

NN

ER (

1982

)

STA

LKER

(19

79)

THE

HIT

CH

HIK

ER’S

GU

IDE

TO T

HE

GA

LAX

Y (

1978

)

CA

SS

AN

DR

A C

RO

SS

ING

(19

76)

ECO

TOP

IA (

1975

)

SO

LAR

IS (

1972

)

DES

CH

OO

LIN

G S

OC

IETY

(19

71)

PLA

NET

OF

THE

AP

ES (

1968

)

THE

BIR

DS

(19

63)

I AM

LEG

END

(19

54)

GO

DZ

ILLA

(19

54)

PAIN

C IN

TH

E S

TREE

TS (

1950

)

THE

WA

MTO

MG

SEE

D (

1962

)

SO

YLE

NT

GR

EEN

(19

73)

CO

NA

N, T

HE

BO

Y IN

FU

TUR

E (1

978)

MA

RY S

HEL

LEY

’S F

RA

NK

ENS

TEIN

(19

94)

AR

MA

GED

DO

N (

1998

)

LA P

OS

SIB

ILIT

E D

’UN

E IL

E (2

005)