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transcript
The Convergence of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, 62.1 and
55 – Example of Energy Efficiency Measures
Chonghui Liu (CL), PE, CEM, LEED AP
Team Leader, Energy Services
Popli Design Group
2018 CNY Engineering Expo
Oncenter, Syracuse, NY
Monday, November 12, 2018
• The results of the case studies do not reflect the results
from any specific project.
• The views expressed in the case studies are the author’s
only, they do not necessarily reflect the views of ASHRAE
SPPC 90.1 or other parties.
• The images referenced in this presentation are for
general information only, they do not reflect any specific
site.
Disclaimer
• ASHRAE standards – comparison and application
o 90.1
o 62.1
o 55
• Examples of energy efficiency measures
o Building Envelope – attic roof insulation
o HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls
o HVAC – kitchen DCV
o HVAC – laboratory ventilation
• Q&A
Content
• Comparison and application of ASHRAE standards
o 90.1
o 62.1
o 55
• Learn the three ASHRAE standards from examples of
energy efficiency measures
o Building Envelope – attic roof insulation
o HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls
o HVAC – kitchen DCV
o HVAC – laboratory ventilation
• Q&A
Learning Objectives
• Consulting engineers/managers
• Facility engineers/managers
• Manufacturer engineers/managers/sales
• Contractors/construction managers
• Architects/designers
• Professors/researchers/students
• Others
Do you know who you are talking to?
Feel free to ask questions at any point during the presentation.
Energy:
• Standard 90.1-2016: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings
• Standard 90.2-2007: Energy Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential
Buildings
• Standard 90.4-2016: Energy Standard for Data Centers
• Standard 100-2015: Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings
Commissioning:
• Standard 202-2013: Commissioning Process for Buildings and
Systems
• Guideline 0-2013: The Commissioning Process
ASHRAE Standards
4,000+
Other Resources for HVAC Design:
• Standard 15-2016 & 34-2016: Safety Standards for Refrigeration
Systems & Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants
• Standard 55-2013 (2017): Thermal Environmental Conditions for
Human Occupancy
• Standard 62.1-2016: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
• Standard 169-2013: Climate Data for Building Design Standards
• Standard 189.1-2014: Standard for the Design of High-Performance
Green Buildings
ASHRAE Standards 4,000+
Convergence
90.1
Energy
62.1
IEQ
55
Thermal
Comfort
To provide acceptable indoor air quality and thermal
environmental conditions for human occupancy while
optimizing energy efficiency in built environment.
• Building Envelope (Ch 5)
• HVAC (Ch 6)
• Service water heating (Ch 7)
• Power (Ch 8)
• Lighting (Ch 9)
• Other equipment (Ch 10)
• Oil embargo 1973
• Standard 90-75
• Standard 62-73
• Standard 55-66
History
Picture from www.wsj.com
Picture from www.thesleuthjournal.com
Comparison
Comparison – 90.1 compliance paths
• Ch. 4: Administration and Enforcement
o New Buildings
o Additions to existing buildings
o Alterations of existing buildings
Comparison – sections most used (by engineers)
• 90.1 min equipment efficiency tables
• 62.1 - min ventilation rates tables
• 55 - comfort zone psychrometric charts
Comparison – sections most used (by engineers )
90.1 min equipment efficiency tables
1. AC - Electric unitary AC and condensing units
2. HP - Electric unitary and applied HPs
3. Chillers - water chilling packages
4. Electric packaged ACs and HPs
5. Furnace - Warm-air furnaces (and ACs)
6. Boilers
7. Heat rejection
8. Heat transfer (no data)
9. Electric VFR ACs
10. Electric VRF HPs
11. ACs and condensing units serving computer rooms
12. Commercial refrigerator and freezers
13. Commercial refrigeration
14. Indoor pool dehumidifiers (vapor compression based)
15. Electric DX-DOAS (without energy recovery)
16. Electric DX-DOAS (with energy recovery)
Appendix F - DoE:
• AC and HP
• Water heaters
• Pool heaters
Unregulated
Questions or comments?
• Building Envelope – attic roof insulation
• HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls
• HVAC – kitchen DCV
• HVAC – laboratory ventilation
EEM Examples
Building Envelope – Attic Roof Insulation
• 90.1 – Chapter 5
o 5.4: Air Leakage
Continuous air barrier
New: building pressurization test
< 0.4 cfm/ft2
under 0.3 in. of water
o 5.5:
Table 5.5-0 to 5.5-8
Climate 5A
Residential (except low-rise)
Min. R-49
o 5.7: Future: envelope Cx?
6.7: HVAC
IECC: HVAC/Plumbing/Lighting Controls
Comments?
• 62.1 and 55 - Vented attic
o Eliminate moisture from below
o Prevent melting snow and ice dams forming
• Climate zone: 5A
• Residence halls on a university
• Existing condition:
o Flat upper roof with EPDM
o Sloped sides with original slate shingles
o Solid wood deck
o Wood/steel structural framing below
o Cellulose insulation 3.5 inches ~ R-11 (ASHRAE Fundamental)
o Cracks/penetrations
• Energy:
o Heat conduction thru ceiling
o Heat loss from air leakage below
Building Envelope
• Recommendation:
o Remove cellulose insulation
o 5.4 Continuous air barrier -> Seal
cracks/penetrations of attic floor
o 5.5 Min R-49 -> R-50 insulation
(ASHRAE Fundamental):
Closed cell spray foam 2 inches
Blown-in cellulose insulation 10
inches
• Benefits besides energy savings:
o Perform under low temp
o Seal entire attic floor
o Air and vapor barrier
o Acoustical barrier
o No harmful additives
o Protected – flame retardant
Building Envelope
Picture from www. greenintegrateddesign.com
Picture from www.tcworks.org
Summary:
Building Envelope
Building Envelope EEM – Attic Roof Insulation
Value Unit
Annual electric energy savings 0 kWh/yr
Annual electrical energy cost savings $0 $/yr
Annual natural gas energy savings 200,000 therm/yr
Annual natural gas energy cost savings $120,600 $/yr
Total annual energy cost savings $120,600 $/yr
Total project cost $600,000 $
Simple payback period 5.0 yr
Life cycle cost $650,000 $
Questions or comments?
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
90.1 – Chapter 6
• 6.4:
o Minimum efficiency tables
6.8.1-1 RTU/AHU with elec. AC
Not for CW/HW AHUs
o Automatic shutdown
Time switch or scheduling control
Occupant sensors
Manually operated timer
Interlock to security system
o DCV
> 500 ft2
≥ 25 people/1000 ft2
(> 40 people/1000 ft2
in 90.1-2010)
1 or more: Economizer /Modulating />3,000 CFM OA
Definition: OA – number of people
• Occupancy schedule
• Occupancy sensors
• People counters
• CO2
sensors
o Zone
o Return air duct
o CO2
sampling
Exceptions: exhaust energy recovery comply with 6.5.6.1
KDCV
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
90.1 – Chapter 6
• 6.5:
o Air economizer: 5A > 54,000 Btu/h (4.5 tons)
o Prevent simultaneous H/C: Dual-duct except snap acting controls
o Vary supply airflow – load
o Static pressure reset – zone requiring most pressure
o Multi-zone supply air temp reset – load or OAT
o Required OA rate – larger of OA or EA by 62.1
o EA energy recovery
• 6.7:
o System Cx:
> 50,000 ft2
conditioned area
o IECC 2015:
> 480 MBH (40 tons)
> 600 MBH for hvac + dhw
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 62.1 – Procedures
o IMC: 6.2 and 6.4
Section 6 Procedures
Section 6.1 General
Section 6.2
Ventilation
Rate Procedure
Section 6.3
IAQ Procedure
Section 6.4
Natural
Ventilation
Procedure
Combination
Section 6.5 Exhaust Ventilation
Section 6.6 Design Documentation
Procedures
Ez: zone air distribution effectiveness
• Cooling
• Heating
• Induced ventilation
Ev: system ventilation efficiency
• Zpz: primary OA fraction
• Appendix A
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
62.1
• 6.2:
o Breathing zone OA: CFM-people + CFM-area (Table 6.2.2.1)
o Dynamic reset – DCV (required by 90.1)
> 500 ft2
≥ 25 people/1000 ft2
– Examples below
(90.1-2007/2010 ≥ 40p/1000 ft2
– 90.1-2013/2016 ≥ 25p/1000 ft2)
1 or more:
• Air economizer
• Automatic modulating control of OA damper
• Design OA > 3,000 CFM
• Restaurant dining
• Cafeteria
• Bars, cocktail lounge
• Conference
• Lobby / pre-function
• Break room
• Reception area
• Transportation waiting
• Auditorium seating
• Correctional booking/waiting
• Daycare
• Classroom
• Lecture classroom
• Lecture hall
• University lab
• Media center
• Music / theater / dance
• Multi-use assembly
• Religious worship
• Courtroom
• Legislative chamber
• Museum / gallery
• Mall common area
• Barbershop
• Spectator area
• Dance floor
• Gambling casino
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
62.1 2016 - 5.16/17 Air Classification (subjective
criteria) and Recirculation
• Class 1: suitable for recirculation/transfer, e.g.
office, common, classrooms…
• Class 2: recirculation/transfer to similar Class2/3
e.g. locker, gym, bathrooms…
o Exception: Class 2 to 1: permitted with ER
device, and
o Recirculated Class 2 < 10% OA.
• Class 3: only recirculated within, e.g. chem/bio
labs, trash rooms, kitchen hoods…
o Exception: Class 3 to other space: permitted
with ER device, and
o Recirculated Class 3 < 5% OA.
• Class 4: harmful – Not recirculated/transferred to
any spaces or within, e.g. kitchen grease hoods,
paint booth, chem storage…
• ETS: Not recirculated/transferred from ETS area to
ETS-free area
IMC 2015 – Section 403
• In excess of required OA, not
prohibit recirculated as a
component of SA.
• Not prohibited if < 10% OA,
e.g. toilets, wood/metal shops,
locker rooms, science labs, art
classrooms, prison cells with
plumbing fixtures.
• Not recirculated/transferred to
any spaces or within e.g. repair
garages, beauty/nail/pet shops,
fuel station, kitchen, smoking
lounges.
Kitchen
90.1 6.5.7.1
Transfer Air
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
55
• Thermal comfort: that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the
thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation.
Picture from www.nzdl.org
Ch 9 Fundamentals
Ta ≈ To
IECC: Design Conditions for Load
• Heat ≤ 72F (e.g. 68)
• Cool ≥ 75F (e.g. 75, 72, 68)
• Climate zone: 5A
• Lecture halls on a university
• Existing condition:
o Originally constructed in 1960s
o 20 lecture halls, concourse and supporting areas
o 17 AHUs in mech rooms throughout the building
2 large dual-duct AHUs (~40% of total CFMs)
2 multi-zone AHUs
13 single-zone AHUs
o Chilled water and hot water coils
o Constant volume (VFDs on SFs, but soft-start only)
o Preheating coils not used
o Mixing hot and cold air flows (simultaneous heat and cool)
o High static pressure
o Pneumatic zone temp sensors ≠ campus BAS
o Pneumatic dampers and zone air flows ≠ campus BAS
o Ineffective pneumatic damper controls
o No fan controls to balance SA and RA
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
Picture from 2016 ASHRAE Handbook - Systems
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
Picture from 2016 ASHRAE Handbook - Systems
AHU Supply Fan and Return Fan Schedule
AHU No.
Combined SA (CFM)
Combined RA (CFM)
Combined SF Motor (HP)
Combined RF Motor (HP)
AHU Type
AHU-1 ~ 2 77,500 62,500 110 17.5 Dual duct AHU-3 ~ 4 12,500 5,500 15 3 Multi-zone AHU-5 ~ 17 108,000 95,000 117.5 34 Single-zone
Total 198,000 163,000 242.5 54.5
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
Picture from 2016 ASHRAE Handbook - Systems
• Recommendation:
o Replace 2+2+13 AHUs with new VAV AHUs
o Replace dual-duct boxes/Pneumatic with VAV boxes/DDC
o Replace ductwork (liner) and diffusers due to age/condition
o DCV in each lecture hall using CO2
sensors
o Enthalpy economizer controls
o Enthalpy energy recovery with bypass
o Chilled water control valves from space thermostat
o Hot water control valves from space thermostat
o Static pressure reset controls for SFs in 2+2 AHUs
o SA temp reset based on scheduling and space thermostat
o DDC integration with campus BAS
o Air system TAB
o Commissioning
• Energy savings:
o AHU SF and RA power
o Prevent simultaneous heat/cool (and economizer free cooling)
o Heat/cool energy from reduced OA from DCV
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :
o Y/N:
1) 8000 hrs.
2) Climate zone.
3) %OA design.
4) SA cfm.
o Enthalpy recovery ration ≥ 50% at both heating and cooling
o Bypass both OA and EA
1) < % through energy recovery – cannot stop
2) OA dP thru HR < psi and EA dP thru HR < psi
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
Picture from Trane – Engineering Bulletin
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :
o Design – control sequence examples (fixed DB):
SF EF ERW BD
Off Off Off Shut
On Off Off Open
On On On Shut
OA < 15F (adj) ERW slowed to maintain EA
Tmin = 32F (adj)
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :
o Design – control sequence examples
(fixed DB):
Mode Condition ERW OABP EABP CC HC PHC
A Cooling with ER OAT>RAT (75F)
OAT>ESP (69F)
On Closed Closed On Off Off
B Cooling no ER RAT (75F) > OAT
> ESP (69F)
Off Open Open On Off Off
C Cooling Economizer OAT<ESP (69F)
OAT<RAT (75F)
Off Open Open Off Off Off
DHeating with
ER
Part load Eco
“Free Heat” 1
OAT<ESP (69F)
OAT<RAT (75F)
On Open Open Off Off Off
Part load Eco
“Free Heat” 2
OAT<ESP (69F)
OAT<RAT (75F)
On Closed Modulate
– SAT
Off Off Off
Heating with ER 3 OAT<ESP (69F)
OAT<RAT (75F)
On Closed Closed Off On Off
E
Heating with
ER&Preheat,
Frost
Protection
Part load Eco
“Free Heat” 1
OAT<FPSP (35F)
On Open Open Off Off On
Part load Eco
“Free Heat” 2
On Closed Modulate
– SAT
Off Off On
Heating with ER 3 On Closed Closed Off On On
7569
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :
o Design – other considerations:
ER types: ER wheel, plate HX, heat pipe, run-around coil
Enthalpy or DB? - Climate 5A
(“Economizer high limit controls and Why Enthalpy Economizers Don’t Work”
Taylor, ASHRAE Journal, Nov, 2010.)
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :
o Construction (commissioning):
Picture from
www.swinter.com
Picture from Dospel
• Implementation considerations:
o Asbestos-containing insulation found – abatement.
o Lead and PCB not found yet.
o Phased construction
o Temporary relocation – major disruption
o Evaluate existing fan performance
o Evaluate distribution ductwork (leakage, insulation, liner, etc.)
o Not included in the EEM – HW/CH constant pumps to VFDs
HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls
HVAC EEM – VAV AHUs
Value Unit
Annual electric energy savings 560,000 kWh/yr Annual electrical energy cost savings $43,680 $/yr
Annual natural gas energy savings 45,000 therm/yr Annual natural gas energy cost savings $26,928 $/yr
Total annual energy cost savings $70,608 $/yr
Total project cost 7,500,000 $
Simple payback period 106.2 yr Life cycle cost $10,800,000 $
Questions or comments?
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
• 90.1 – Chapter 6
o 6.5.7.2 Kitchen Exhaust
Systems:
Replacement air to cavity
≤ 10% of hood EA
Hood EA > 5,000 CFM
• Rated EA (CFM/ft hood
length) – Table 6.5.7.2.2
• DCV or other strategies
Performance testing
• DCV – testing at
minimum flow
• Standalone, report (cfm,
fpm, ft, controls), smoke
test
Picture from DOE Guidance on Demand Controlled Kitchen Ventilation
• Temperature
• Optical
• Infrared
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM
o Max Net EA (CFM/ft hood length) – Table 6.5.7.2.2
Type of hood
Duty
Hood Duty Temp (F) Fuel Examples
Light 400 Elec or gas Oven, kettle
Medium 400 Elec or gas Griddle, rotisserie
Heavy 600 Elec or gas Broiler
Extra-Heavy 700 Solid fuel (wood, char) Appliances use solid fuel
Picture from
2015 ASHRAE
Handbook -
Applications
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM
o DCV or other strategies
> 50% replacement air is transfer air – otherwise would be exhausted
Kitchen DCV
• On > 75% EA
• Reduce > 50% EA and replacement air system
o Sensor: one or combined
o EA / OA fan VFD; dampers; economizer; cooking appliances
Energy Recovery
Sensor Location Components O&M
Temperature Exhaust duct intake Air temp changes NA
Optical End of hood How transparent –
smoke/effluent
Periodic cleaning
Infrared Above cooking Temp of cooking surface Periodic clearing
Others – energy input, communication from cooking equipment, scheduling.
DCV: OA – number of people
• Occupancy schedule
• Occupancy sensors
• People counters
• CO2
sensors
KDCV: EA – cooking activity
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM
o DCV or other strategies
> 50% replacement air is transfer air – otherwise would be exhausted
Kitchen DCV
Energy Recovery
• Sensible ER > 40% on > 50% of EA
o Class 4: automatic washdown, expensive – effectiveness &
fire risk
o Class 3: high temperature and humidity – but 90.1 not
separate
o Large OA & light-duty cooking & cold climate. e.g. hospital
cooking
o 6.5.6.1 Exhaust air energy recovery for general exhaust (e.g.
dining)
Hood Type Collect & Remove Components Air Class 62.1
Type I grease and smoke Filter, baffles; fire suppression system
4
Type II Steam and heat (no grease/smoke)
May include filter, baffles.
3
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
Hood Type Collect & Remove Components Air Class 62.1
Type I grease and smoke Filter, baffles; fire
suppression system
4
Type II Steam and heat (no
grease/smoke)
May include filter,
baffles.
3
62.1
o Ventilation:
Kitchen (commercial): 7.5 CFM/p + 0.12 CFM/ft2
IMC:
• Kitchen (commercial): NA
• Kitchen (Private dwellings from IMC): NA
o Exhaust:
Kitchen (commercial): 0.7 CFM/ft2
IMC
• Kitchen (commercial): 0.7 CFM/ft2
• Kitchen (Private dwellings from IMC): 25 (inte.) / 100 (cont.) CFM/room
o Air Class:
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
55
o Comfort: occupied spaces, including kitchen
o Highly no-uniform thermal environment – office to kitchen?
o To establish a method for acceptable working environments in
kitchens (Simone at al. 2013)
• Climate zone: 6A
• Dining facility on an institutional campus
• Existing condition:
o Originally constructed in the 1920s
o Commercial kitchen, dinning, community room, and offices.
o 2 constant volume exhaust hoods
Wall mounted canopy
Double island canopy
o Constant volume make-up AHU
Steam heating coil, No. 2 fuel oil steam boilers in central plant
o Transfer air from adjacent spaces is negligible (air balanced)
o 6 a.m. to 7 p.m., 7 days a week
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
AHU Supply Fan and Return Fan Schedule
No.
Existing SA & EA (CFM)
Proposed Average SA & EA (CFM)
EF Motor (HP)
SF Motor (HP)
Type
Island hood 15,000
9,500
7.5 - Double island exhaust
hood
Canopy hood 2 - Wall-mounted canopy
exhaust hood
Make-up AHU 15,000
9,500
- 5
100% OA make-up AHU
• Recommendation – Kitchen DCV:
o Sensor: optical sensor and temperature sensor
o Processor: manufacturer provided
o Equipment:
VFDs on make-up AHU and two exhaust hood fans
Ventilation dampers
Economizer controls
(no cooling is proposed due to Owner’s preference)
• Energy savings:
o Fan power
o Heating energy from reduced OA from DCV
HVAC – Kitchen DCV
HVAC EEM – Kitchen DCV
Value Unit
Annual electric energy savings 21,000 kWh/yr Annual electrical energy cost savings $1,747 $/yr Annual No. 2 fuel oil energy savings 3,500 gal/yr
Annual No. 2 fuel oil energy cost savings $7,000 $/yr Total annual energy cost savings $8,747 $/yr
Total project cost $52,000 $
Simple payback period 5.9 yr
Life cycle cost $67,000 $
Questions or comments?
• 90.1
o 6.5.2
Simultaneous heating and cooling limitation:
• Lab exhaust systems comply with 6.5.7.3
Supply air temperature reheat limit:
• Lab exhaust systems comply with 6.5.7.3
o 6.5.3
Fan system power and efficiency
• Lab, hospital, vivarium – space pressure
o 6.5.6
Exhaust air energy recovery
• Lab exhaust systems comply with 6.5.7.3
o 6.5.7.3 Laboratory Exhaust Systems > 5,000 CFM - one
following:
VAV reduce EA & MA and/or HR system:
• % (EA & MA reduction) + % (sensible ER ratio) x (E/M) ≥ 50%
Reduce EA & MA to min circulation & maintain pressurization
• 50% reduction or maintain pressurization for non-regulated zones
Direct MA > 75% EA
• Heated no warmer than 2F; cooled no cooler than 3F; no
humidification added, no simultaneous H/C for dehumidification.
HVAC – Laboratory Ventilation
Kitchen
• 62.1
o Laboratory hoods – Class 4 (unless by AHJ)
o Harmful – Not recirculated or transferred to any spaces or
within, like lab hoods, kitchen grease hoods, paint booth, or
chemical storage
• 55
o Comfort for occupied spaces
• Cx
o ASHRAE Guideline 0 and 202
• Other resources:
o ASHRAE Handbooks
o ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide
o ANSI Z9.5 Standard for Laboratory Ventilation
o NFPA
o Code of Federal Regulations
HVAC – Laboratory Ventilation
Summary
Questions or comments?
• ASHRAE standards – comparison and application
o 90.1
o 62.1
o 55
• Examples of energy efficiency measures
o Building Envelope – attic roof insulation
o HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls
o HVAC – kitchen DCV
o HVAC – laboratory ventilation
• Q&A
• ASHRAE 90.1. 2016. Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Atlanta:
ASHRAE.
• ASHRAE 62.1. 2016. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
• ASHRAE 55. 2013. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
• ASHRAE. 2015. ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
• ASHRAE. 2017. ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
• Hunn, B.D. 2010. Theoretical analysis of solar heat gain through insulating glass with inside
shading. ASHRAE Journal 52(3):36, 46.
• Simone, A. 2013. Thermal comfort in commercial kitchen (RP-1469: Procedure and physical
measurements (Part 1). HVAC&R Research 19: 1001–15.
• Taylor, S. 2010. Economizer high limit controls and Why Enthalpy Economizers Don’t Work.
ASHRAE Journal, November 2010.
References
A. ASHRAE 90.1
B. ASHRAE 62.1
C. ASHRAE 55
D. All of the above
Q1: Which of the following standards
offers Performance Rating Method
compliance path?
A. Class 1 air
B. Class 2 air
C. Class 3 air
D. Class 4 air
E. Class 3 and 4 air
Q2: Per 62.1, which of the following will
not be recirculated or transferred to any
space or recirculated within the space of
origin?
Q3: Which of the following sensor(s) can
be used to detect cooking activity for
kitchen DCV?
A. Temperature sensor
B. Optical sensor
C. Infrared sensor
D. Energy input sensor/meter
E. All of the above
A. 90.1-2016: it provides the minimum equipment efficiency for
AHUs with HW and CW coils.
B. 90.1-2016: DCV is required for spaces > 1000 ft2
with a
design occupancy density ≥ 40 people/1000 ft2.
C. 90.1-2016: whole-building pressurization testing is an option
for continuous air barrier compliance.
D. 90.1-2016: when applying an exhaust air energy recovery
system – enthalpy wheel with economizer operation – provision
to bypass the wheel is not required during economizer
operation as long as the wheel is stopped.
E. 62.1-2016: laboratory hood exhaust and kitchen hoods other
than grease are Class 3 air.
F. 55-2013: thermal comfort is an absolute objective evaluation.
Q4: Which of the following statements is
true?
A. An institution replaces – in several dormitory buildings – the existing
damaged insulation with fiberglass insulation without sealing the
penetrations on attic floors.
B. A university gut renovates – in a lecture building – the existing dual
duct HVAC systems (constant AHUs, mixing dual duct boxes) with all
new VAV systems (VFD AHUs, air distribution, VAV boxes).
C. A laboratory replaces all its existing constant-volume fume hoods –
operating based on occupancy scheduling – with new constant-
volume low flow hoods.
D. An office building, built ten years ago, replaces all of the existing T-8
and CFL lighting fixtures with LED fixtures.
E. A hospital incorporates – in a all-day operating dining building with
large OA demand – by internal facility engineers to add sensors and
controls to existing VFDs on MAU and hood exhaust fans.
Q5: In general, in upstate New York,
which of the following ECM produces the
quickest payback?
Chonghui Liu (CL), PE, CEM, LEED AP
Popli Design Group
cliu@popligroup.com
Questions? Thank you!