The era of dental ceramics/ dentistry dental implants

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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

METAL CERAMICS

METAL FREE CERAMICS www.indiandentalacademy.com

What is a core?

The aluminous core Glass infused ceramic core Zirconium Dioxide (zirconia)

Y-TZP cores

General ClassificationGeneral Classification

1.Conventional powder ceramics2.Castable ceramics3.Pressable ceramics4.Infiltrated ceramics5.Machinable ceramics

Conventional powder Ceramics These products are supplied as

powders to which the technician adds distilled water to produce a slurry, which is build up in layers on a refractory die/ platinum foil to form the contours of the restoration.

The powders are available in different shades and translucencies, and are supplied with characterizing stains and glazes.

e.g. OPTEC H.S.P (Jeneric/Pentron) DUCERAM L.F.C (Ducera Inc) Vita Hi-Ceram (Vita Zahnfabrik)

Esthetic. High strength. But no good fit, Only anteriors

Castable Ceramics These products are supplied

as solid ceramic ingots, which are used for fabrication of cores or full contour restorations using a lost wax and centrifugal casting technique.

Followed by heat-treatment to precipitate a crystalline phase

e.g. DICOR (Corning glass, Dentsply). CERAPEARL (Bioceram, Kyocera)

Low abrassiveness Time consuming

Pressable Ceramics These are also supplied

as ingots, these product are melted at higher temperatures [11500c] and pressed into a mould using a lost wax technique.

These pressed form can be made into full contour, or can be used as a substrate for conventional feldspathic porcelain buildup

leucite basede.g. IPS Empress I (Ivoclar vivadent)

OPC (Optec Pressable Ceramic) ALCERAM (Cerestore, Innotek dental corp)

Lithium disilicate based IPS Empress 2*

Optec OPS 3G

Leucite – KAlSi2O6

Low leucite High leucite

used for reinforcement of feldspathic dental porcelains

Varies from 35%-50% by volume

Flexural strength – 120 Mpa

tetragonal configuration cubic polymorph->tetragonal configuration

Mechanical Strength is Insufficient for construction of All Ceramic

BridgesCrowns Inlays

Veneers Good marginal fit

lithium disilicate

pre-cerammed interlocking nature of the crystals + high

density

high flexural strength.

Highly translucent because of the high optical compatibility between the crystals

The glassy matrix minimizes internal scattering of light. www.indiandentalacademy.com

Strongest of all the glass ceramics (~350-450MPa).

New layering ceramic an apatite glass ceramic is used

Crowns for molars. Anterior three unit bridges.

Infiltrated Ceramics These are glass

infiltrated core ceramics. This involves slip casting technique for making the core,

The contours of the restoration are obtained by individual layering and staining techniques.

Refractory die

Packing slurry

sinteringwww.indiandentalacademy.com

e.g. In-CERAM AluminaZirconiaSpinell

sintering

packing

infiltrationwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Most Translucent

The strength is about three - four times

more greater than earlier alumina core

materials[350 mpa].

Marginal fit reported to be very good.

INCERAM spinell

Polycrystalline ceramic with out any glass component

Three crystallographic forms Monoclinic [<1170] Tetragonal [>1170] Cubic [>2370]

Zirconia

High strength through very small grains

INCERAM ZIRCONIA Glass-infiltrated Alumina with 35% partially

stabilized Zirconia core

Good Marginal Fit

High strength of 700 Mpa

Fracture toughness- 6-8 Mpa.m1/2

Posterior Crowns and FPDs, Post & Core, Implants

Strongest And Toughest Of Available Ceramics

Machinable Ceramics

These products are supplied as ingots in various shades and are milled into desired form. These machined restorations can be stained and glazed to obtain desired characterization.

a ceramic restoration fabricated by use of a computer aided design - computer aided milling

a process of milling a structure using a device that traces the surface of a metal, ceramic or a polymer pattern and transfers the traced spatial positions to a cutting station.

C AD-C AM C er amic s C opy-Mil l ed C er amic s

Machinabl e Cer amics

CAD-CAM DCS–PRESIDENT -1991 AUTO MILL – 1994 CEREC 2 – 1994 CEREC 3 – 2000 PROCERA LAVA CERCON

COPY MILLING

CELAY – 1991

PRO CAM - 1996

CAD – CAM Devices:

DIRECT: Fully integrated CAD – CAM devices for

chair side restorative approach. CAD & CAM stations are located at the dental office.

INDIRECT: System that consists of several

modules with at least, distinctive CAD & CAM stations.

MATERIALS

Silicate Ceramics Aluminium oxide ceramics with glass

infiltration. Aluminium oxide ceramics with

dense sintering. Titanium. Precious alloys Non precious alloys

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