Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Objective: To examine how the first humans migrated to America, the purpose of archaeology, and the culture of the Mound Builders.
The First Americans
• Glaciers – large, slow moving sheets of ice
• Approximately 30,000 years ago the earth experienced an Ice Age.
• Ice Age – a period of time in which temperatures on earth were very cold, and North America was covered in glaciers.
Barne Glacier, Antarctica
Land bridge (Berengia) – an area of land which humans crossed during the Ice Age on their way to North America from Asia.
- As the oceans froze, the ocean floor became uncovered and dry.
- The first humans in North America crossed the land bridge.
Archaeology - the study of evidence left by early peoples
Artifact – object made by humans and used by archaeologists to recreate a picture of the past.
Cahokia Point.Triple Notch.
L: 1.25" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Cahokia Point.Serrated Edge.
L: 1.75" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Cahokia Point.Double Notch.
L: 2" Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Bone Point.L: 1.5"
Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
Flint Shark Tooth Point.L: 1"
Cahokia Mounds Madison Co., IL.
The Missouri Heron Pipe.H: 5.25" Made from red to brown banded slate. This well-known bird pipe was discovered in 1858 by a farmer named Amos Weiling while removing a tree stump on a farm in Mew Madrid County, Missouri. The heron is a common sight along the waterways in central and southern Missouri.
The Dr. Bunch Frog Pipe.L: 8.25". Made from fine green sandstone. This famous pipe was found in 1878 in a low mound on a river bluff near what is nows Bluffton, Yell County, Arkansas.
Mound Builders
• The Mound Builders, including the Hopewell and Mississippian peoples, lived from about 3,000 years ago to the 1700’s.
• Early mounds were burial grounds for important leaders.
Miamisburg,OH
Adena people
• The Mississippian people built the city of Cahokia in present-day Illinois.
• The largest mound of Cahokia was Monk’s Mound, which covered around 16 acres.
* This system allowed farmers to know which crops should be planted.
• The fence build around the city served as a calendar.
• The posts of the fence were viewed from the top of Monk’s Mound.
- shorter shadows meant the coming of spring
- longer shadows meant the coming of autumn
"Community Life" By Michael Hampshire Courtesy of Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site Collinsville, Illinois